“The art of simplicity is a puzzle of

complexity” –Douglas Horton

 In this chapter, we tackle about case studies that
goes on telling that mathematical complexity
results in simple patterns and it is well worth
understanding mathematical complexity, for it is
such study that creates a better understanding of
nature’s pattern.

3 case study
 Water drop
 Simulated ecology
 Flower patterns (Daisies)
In this case, we will not talk about the timing of
successive drops, instead we look at the shape the
drop takes up as it detaches from the end of the
tap.

Our common idea about the shape of a water drop,

is the “classic” cartoon-like teardrop shape. But it
is not true.
 The formation of the detached drop begins
with a bulging droplet hanging from a
surface, the end of the tap. It develops a
waist, which narrows, and the lower part of
the droplet appears to be heading toward the
classic teardrop shape.
 But instead of pinching off to form a short,
sharp tail, the waist lengthens into a long thin
cylindrical thread with an almost spherical
drop hanging from its end
 Then the thread starts to narrow, right at the
point where it meets the sphere, until it
develops a sharp point.
 Then the orange falls away from the needle,
pulsating slightly as it falls. But that's only
half the story.
 Now the sharp end of the needle begins to
round off, and tiny waves travel back up the
needle toward its root, making it look like a
string of pearls that become tinier and tinier.
 Finally, the hanging thread of water narrows
to a sharp point at the top end, and it, too,
detaches. As it falls, its top end rounds off
and a complicated series of waves travels
along it.
 The use of that phrase reflects a long tradition of
mathematical modeling in which the changes in
populations of interacting creatures are
represented by differential equations.
Jacque McGlade David Ran Howard Wilson
 In this case, the simulation was carried out by
means of a "cellular automaton," which you can
think of as a kind of mathematical computer game.
McGlade, Rand, and Wilson, lacking my bias in
favor of pigs, considered the more traditional foxes
and rabbits. The computer screen is divided into a
grid of squares, and each square is assigned a
color-say, red for a fox, gray for a rabbit, green for
grass, black for bare rock. Then a system of rules
is set up to model the main biological influences at
work. Examples of such rules might be:
ILANG MOVES NA
WALA PARIN
AKONG NAKAIN
WALANG FOODS
HEHE
PLAY DEAD HEHE
 Each move in the game takes the current
configuration of rabbits, foxes, grass, and rock,
and applies the rules to generate the next
configuration-tossing computer "dice" when
random choices are required. The process
continues for several thousand moves, an "artifical
ecology" that plays out the game of life on a
computer screen. This artificial ecology resembles
a dynamical system, in that it repeatedly applies
the same bunch of rules; but it also includes
random effects, which places the model in a
different mathematical category altogether: that of
stochastic cellular automata-computer games with
chance.
McGlade’s Group
 The numbers that arise in plants-not just for petals
but for all sorts of other features-display
mathematical regularities, They form the beginning
of the so-called Fibonacci series, in which each
number is the sum of the two that precede it
 Leonardo Fibonacci, in about 1200, invented his
series in a problem about the growth of a
population of rabbits. It wasn't as realistic a model
of rabbit-population dynamics as the "game of life"
model I've just discussed, but it was a very
interesting piece of mathematics nevertheless,
because it was the first model of its kind and
because mathematicians find Fibonacci numbers
fascinating and beautiful in their own right.
 Question: If genetics can choose to give a flower
any number of petals it likes, or a pine cone any
number of scales that it likes, why do we observe
such a preponderance of Fibonacci numbers?
 Answer: Presumably, evolution with the
mathematical patterns that occurred naturally, and
fine-tuned them by natural selection
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19 4
18
5
17
6
16 7
15 8
14 9
13
12 11 10

 French mathematical physicists Stt'iphane Douady

and Yves Couder. They devised a theory of the
dynamics of plant growth and used computer
models and laboratory experiments to show that it
accounts for the Fibonacci pattern.
Elrom Jasper M. Ramos Gilly Ann Orpilla Ballad

Jamaica Shane Garcia Kiana Nicole Baquiran