SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING : EVALUATION ON

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PET DRINKING BOTTLE

USING LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT-BASED AND
OPTIMIZING USING ECO-EFFICIENCY IN ECONOMIC
MINDSET
(AT PT. TIRTA INVESTAMA – AQUA DANONE )

-Amalia Syaharani Ibnu (15 522 032)-

Background
How to solve that ?

- LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)

- Eco-efficiency
Problem Formulation
 What is the solution or proposed alternative as improvement resulted from
environmental impact of PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) bottled drinking
water life cycle ?

Researach Objective
 To provide and propose the solution or alternative as the improvement
corresponding to the result of environmental impact of PET bottled drinking
water life cycle
Research limitation

 No comparison such a kind of those similar product since the

research only takes place in one manufacturer only.
 The life cycle assessment exclude the disposal stages or waste
management and customer usage (due to lack of information from
customer and need a longer study observation).
 It neglect the uncertainty of machine or other devices breakdown
during the manufacturing process.
Literature Review

Inductive Deductive
study study
Inductive study
Inductive reasoning

• Cradle-to-grave is adopted as the system boundary in this study  cover in large scope
so it represents enough to examine the product life cycle eventhough do not touch the
disposal or waste management.
• LCA is carried out in examining the product life cycle because the LCA is the most
suitable method and commonly used to know the environmental impact burdened in
every single production of PET bottle.
• Eco-efficiency --> to create greater business value by considering the environmental
(impact) performance of a company over time.
 Deductive study
 life cycle assessment is best
known for quantitative
analysis of environmental
aspects of a product over all
its life cycle stages. one
technique to examine the
impact of environment of
certain product through
every steps of its life
Phases of Life Cycle Assessment
Eco-efficiency Assesment

 Eco-efficiency is achieved through the delivery of competitively priced

goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life while
progressively reducing environmental impacts of goods and resource
intensity throughout the entire life-cycle to a level at least in line with the
Earth's estimated carrying capacity'
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Problem Identification
 Problem Formulation
 Literature Review
 Data Collection

Data Type Source Data

Primary data AQUA manufacturing plant Life cycle inventories
Secondary Data Literature, book, etc LCA & Eco-efficiency

 Data Processing
 Discussion
 Conclusion and Suggestion
 DATA COLLECTING AND PROCESSING
 Data Collecting
a. Product specification
b. Production process

c. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)

d. Costing
Data processing
a. Goal and scope definition

Goal

Scope
definition

Function
al unit

System
boundary
b. Life cycle inventory (LCI)

Input Flow Amount Unit

Polyethylene terephthalate, 0.00275 kg
granulate, bottle grade

Polyethylene, high density, 0.00198 kg

granulate
Material
Polypropylene, granulate 5.6E-4 kg
Tap water 1.5 kg
Beverage carton converting 2 m2

Lubricating oil 2.5 kg

Chiller 100kW 1 Item(s)
Blower and heat exchange unit, 1 Item(s)
KWL 250
Conveyor belt 35 m
Energy Heat and power co-generation, 1 Item(s)
200kW electrical

Transport using lorry 16-32 metric 1.5275*292 kg*km

ton
C. Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Aqua 1.5L
Environmental Impact Result

4.5E+11
4E+11
3.5E+11
3E+11
2.5E+11
2E+11
1.5E+11
1E+11
5E+10
0
d. Interpretation

Result of
contribution in •The process of absorption chiller production gave the most dominant
impact contribution
category

Result of
contribution of •Occupation in industrial area (43%)
absorption •Carbon dioxide in air (36%)
chiller •Energy (60%)
production

Action •Chiller-
decentralized
plan
THANK YOU!