Basic Concepts of Computer

Networks and Communications

Network Topology

Presented by-
Company
Hassan Jan
Habib
LOG BS (1st Semester)
O
 Presentation Contents

Definition of Computer Networks

Different Network Methods
LAN
Network Topologies
Summary
 Computer Networks

Definition:
 Computer networking is the engineering decipline
concerned with the communication between computer
systems or devices.
 A computer network is any set of computers or devices
connected to each other with the ability to exchange
data.
 Different Network Methods

Different Network Methods are:

 Local area network (LAN),
 Metropolitan area network (MAN)
 Wide area network (WAN)
 Wireless LANs and WANs
 Local Area Network (LAN)

Local Area Network(LAN),

 which is usually a small network
constrained to a small geographic area.
An example of a LAN would be a
computer network within a building.
 DEFINITION

What is a Topology ?

The physical topology of a network

refers to the configuration of cables,
computers and other peripherals.
 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Three commonly used network topologies

are:-
Bus Topology

Ring Topology

Star Topology
 BUS TOPOLOGY

All computers and devices

connected to central cable or bus.

Consists of a main run of cable

with a terminator at each end.

Popular on LANs because they

are inexpensive and easy to
install.
BUS TOPOLOGY
 RING TOPOLOGY

Cable forms closed ring or loop,

with all computers and devices
arranged along ring.

Data travels from device to

device around entire ring, in
one direction.

Primarily is used for LANs,

but also is used in WANs.
RING TOPOLOGY
 STAR TOPOLOGY

All devices connect to a

central device, called
hub.

All data transferred

from one computer to
another passes through
hub.
STAR TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
 MESH TOPOLOGY

 In the mesh topology each computer are connected with each other by
separate cable. Create point to point connection to every device on network.
If one cable fail data always has alternative path to get to its destination.
 On a large scale, you can connect multiple LANs using mesh topology with
leased line.
 This type topology generally use in military area.
 DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE THREE
TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES OF THE THREE
OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY?
 SUMMARY

BUS TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

• All computers • Easy to connect a • Entire network shuts
and devices computer or down if
connected to peripheral to a linear there is a break in the
central cable bus.
main cable.

• Requires less cable •Terminators are

length than required at both
a star topology. ends of the backbone
cable.
• Difficult to
identify the
problem
if the entire network
shuts down.
 SUMMARY

RING TOPOLOGY

ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
DEFINITION
• Data is quickly
• Cable forms •Data packets must pass
transferred without a
closed ring or
‘bottle neck’. through every computer
loop, with all between the sender and
computers and •The transmission of
recipient therefore, this
devices arranged data is relatively
makes it slower.
along ring. simple as packets
travel in one direction •If any of the nodes fail
only. then the ring is broken
and data cannot be
transmitted successfully.
• It is difficult to
troubleshoot
the ring.
 SUMMARY

STAR TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

• Requires more cable
• All devices • Easy to install and length
connect to a wire. than a linear topology.
central device, • Security can If the hub or
called hub. be concentrator fails,
implemented nodes attached are
in the hub/switch. disabled.
• Easy to detect faults More expensive than
and to linear bus topologies
remove parts because of the cost of
the concentrators.
 SUMMARY

MESH TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

Require more cable
• In the mesh •1.Provide redundant then other topology .
topology each path between device..
computer are
connected with The network can be Complicated
each other by expanded without implementations.
separate cable.. disruption to current
user..