ICT for Education

An Overview

Prepared by
Wadi D. Haddad
 Overview

 ICTs in Education – Dilemmas and Realities

 Role and Nature of ICTs in Education
 Potential of ICTs
 From Potential to Effectiveness
Dilemmas Realities

 Analyze Educational
objectives
 Determine Objective for ICT
•Monolithic
•Vendors
 Understand Potential of ICTs
Decision •Belief
Maker •Automatic
•Parents
 Examine suitability of ICTs
Myths •Doubt
 Plan program of investment
•Computers
•Business
•Wait prerequisites
 Implement
and •Techies
•Substitute
corequisites
 Evaluate and adjust
continuously
Necessity of ICTs

Effective Learning
•Globalization of
•Economy
•Information
• Tech Innovations For All
• Knowledge-based
•Economy
•Society
Anytime
•Escalating Demand
for Education

Anywhere
ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Learning Objectives
Learning Objective Technology
Text Audio Video Computer Internet

Storage or display x x x x x

Exploration x x x x x
Application x x x

Analysis x x

Evaluation x x x x x
Constructing or design of x x x
project
ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Teaching Objectives
Teaching Objective Technology

Text Audio Video Computer Internet

Presentation x x x x x

Demonstration x x x x x

Drill and practice x (e.g., x x

Language
lab)
Animation and simulation x x

Research x x x x x

Collaboration/ communication networked x

Management of student learning x x x

ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs and the School
Technologies on Location Technologies at a Distance
Printed matter Correspondence
Slides, transparencies

Scanners

Digital notepads and white boards

Audiotapes Radio
Films and videos TV broadcasts
Digital books Web pages
CDs Web: Internet, intranet
Computer projection Webcast
 Access

Community
Efficiency
Linkages

Potential
Planning & Of
Learning
Management ICTs

Lifelong
Teaching
Learning

Skill Formation
Potential:
1. Expanding Educational Opportunities

• Radio Broadcast
• Interactive Radio Instruction
• Television
• Virtual Schools
• Virtual Universities
Potential:
2. Increasing Efficiency

Issues Solutions
 Dual Shift Systems  Broadcast Radio
 Multigrade Schools  Interactive Radio
 Small Urban or  Educational TV
Rural Schools  Virtual Online
 Flexibility in Courses
Learning Schedule
Potential:
3. Enhancing Quality of Learning

Potential Solutions
• Motivate and engage learners • Radio and TV
• Bring life to concepts and processes • Multimedia Learning
• Foster inquiry Modules
• Provide flexibility • Virtual Labs
• Allow application of information • Connecting to the Worlds
• Provide access to world of • Designing and Creating
information Things
• Bring the world into the classroom
• Offer collaborative opportunities
and communication
• Offer tutored and individualized
learning
Potential:
4. Enhancing Quality of Teaching

Issues Solutions
• Difficult Profession • Multimedia Training
• No One-Shot Training and Support System
• Continuum • Training Videos
 Initial Training • Teacher Development
 Lifelong Upgrading Portal
 Connecting • Internet Resources
for Teachers
Potential:
5. Facilitating Skill Formation

• New Workplace Realities Solutions

• E-Training  Simulations
 Just-in-Time  Competency-based
 Convenient Place multi-media
 Up-to-Pate  Video and Interactive
 User-centric media
 Workplace Training
Potential:
6. Sustaining Lifelong Learning

Issues Solutions
 Workers need to learn  Radio and TV
new skills  Multimedia Packages
 Modern societies demand  Online Courses
constant updating
 Open Universities
 The “educated” can
become obsolete  “Third Age” Universities
 Life-cycle pattern is
changing
Potential:
7. Improving Policy Planning & Management

• Management of Institutions and Systems

– School: Admissions, student flow, personnel, staff
development, facilities…
– System: School mapping, personnel payroll, MIS,
communication, information, . . .
• Management of Policy Making
– Storage and analysis of data
– Construction and assessment of policy scenarios
– Tracer studies and tracking systems
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages

Growth in ICT Access

Millions
1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Main telephone lines (millions) Mobile cellular subscribers (millions) Personal computers (millions) Internet users (millions)
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Telephones, Cellular phones and PCs per 1,000 inhabitants
140

120

100

Telephone subscribers/100 Inhabitants

Cellular subscribers/100 Inhabitants

80
PCs/100 inhabitants

60

40

20

0
Africa America w/o US US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
& Canada
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Internet hosts and users per 10,000 inhabitants
6000

5000

Internet Hosts/10,000
4000 inhabitants
Internet Users/10,000 inhabitants

3000

2000

1000

0
Africa America w/o US US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
& Canada
Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages

• ICT access varies within countries

• Disparities is magnified by gender factor
• ICT access contributes to escape from poverty
• ICT access for all requires attention to
– Infrastructure
– Cost
– Laws and regulations
Radio Stations and Receivers
Suitcase Radio Station
Crank/Solar
Radio
Crank Radio

Digital
Satellite
Radio
Telecenters
Women-Friendly Telecenters

• Within accepted culture; fosters harmony

• Women do not have to travel far
• Center meets needs of men and women
• No childcare problem
• Space is roomy and provides privacy
• Staff is well integrated
 Potential

Prerequisites
Corequisites

Effectiveness
From Potential to Effectiveness

1. Educational Policy
2. Approach to ICTs
3. Infrastructure
4. ICT-Enhanced Content
5. Committed and Trained Personnel
6. Financial Resources
7. Integration
8. Piloting and Evaluation
Conclusion

X• To Tech or not to Tech Education

• ICT ――►Education More Effective and
Responsive

ICTs
“We do not think anymore of the
spectacle of printing every time we
read a book, the phenomenon of TV
every time we watch a movie, or the
miracle of the telephone every time we
make a call.

The ultimate success of ICTs for

learning will be attained when we stop
marveling about the ICTs and apply our
minds and emotions to the wonders of
learning.”
The End
Levels of ICTs for Different Learning
Objectives and Roles of Learners

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Constructing or
design of
Project

Evaluation
Levels of ICTs
Analysis

Application

Exploration

Storage or Passive ACTIVE

display

LEARNER’S ROLE
Levels of ICTs for Different Teaching Uses and
Roles of Teachers

TEACHING OBJECTIVE

Management of
Student Learning
Collaboration/Co
mmunication
Levels of ICTs
Research
Animation/
Simulation
Drill & Practice
Demonstration
Presentation Provider Facilitator

TEACHER’S ROLE

Go Back
 Infrastructure
Wind Power Generator
Solar Energy

Namibia Schoolnet
Pedal Power Generator

Go Back
5. Costing and Budgeting
Total Cost of Ownership
 Acquisition - hardware and software
 Installation and configuration
 Connectivity
 Maintenance : 15-20% of initial investment
 Supplies: 8-10%
 Utilities: 4-8%
 Computer training 5-10%
 Retrofitting of physical facilities
 replacement costs (5-7 years)
31-48%
Additional Costs
 Acquisition and creation of content materials
 Orientation and training of staff
 Testing, evaluation and adjustment

Go Back