4

1. I can explain what a disaster is.

2. I can differentiate factors that
put us at risk.
3. I can explain when a disaster
might happen.
 Introduction
 Definition of terms
 Nature of risk
 Elements at risk
 Disaster Risk Factors
 References
 Definition

A dangerous phenomenon, substance,

human activity or condition that may:
1. cause loss of life
2. injury or other health impacts
3. property damage
4. loss of livelihoods and services
5. social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
 HAZARD

It could be natural or human-

induced.

12
 Definition

A SERIOUS DISRUPTION of the

FUNCTIONING of a COMMUNITY or a
society involving widespread human,
material, economic, or environmental
losses and impacts which exceeds the
ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources.
Definition
Earthquake Ormoc City, Leyte
Year 2017

15
Benguet Landslide Year 2017

16
Typhoon Yolanda (Tacloban, Leyte, 2013)

17
 …Continued
WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of
emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.

2. A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such

as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are destroyed.

3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at

least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce.

4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and

livestock, and other agricultural products, and
DISASTER

5. Epidemics

NDCC Memo Order No. 4, dated 04 March 1998

18
Definition
 Definition

Is a condition determined by physical,

social, economic, and environmental
factors or processes which increase the
susceptibility of a community to the
impact of hazards.
Definition
 Definition

• The opposite of vulnerability is

capacity.
• Those positive conditions or
abilities which increase a
community’s ability to deal with
hazards.
 • Is the combination of all strengths and resources available within the
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk
or effects of a disaster.
CAPACITY

25
Capacity
 Definition

The PROBABILITY that a

community’s structure or
geographic area is to be
DAMAGED or DISRUPTED by
the impact of a particular
HAZARD, on account of their
nature, construction, and
proximity to a hazardous
area.
 Definition

• Is the probability of harmful

consequences or expected losses
(deaths, injuries, livelihoods, assets,
services) resulting from the
interactions between natural or
human-induced hazards and
vulnerable conditions.
METEOROLOGICAL TOPOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENTAL
DISASTERS DISASTERS DISASTERS

• Floods • Earthquake • Global

• Tsunami • Volcanic warming
• Cyclone eruptions • El-Nino
• Hurricane • Landslides Southern
• Typhoon • Avalanches Oscillation
• Snow storm • Asteroids • Ozone
• Blizzard • Limnics depletion
• Hail storm eruptions • UVM
Radiation
• Solar flare
30
31
 DISASTER RISK

• Natural and human-induced events

can cause disasters which can disrupt
our daily activities and damage our
property and livelihood.

32
33
34
 DISASTER RISK

• Approaches to disaster may be:

1. Conventional- action is taken after the
disaster happened.
2. Proactive- also called Disaster Risk
Reduction.
-Risks are reduced and managed.

35
 DISASTER RISK

Risk could be high, medium, or low

depending on the ff. factors:
1. Physical
2. Environmental
3. Socio-cultural
4. Economic
5. Political
6. Biological

36
 Can you
name areas
which are
flood-
prone?
Where land-
slide prone
areas
located?
39
 ACTIVITY 1 (PT1): Understanding
disaster Risk Factors
PRE-ACTIVITY:

1. The class will be divided into groups of four or five.

2. Each group should make the ff. materials ready:
• any electronic gadget (individual)
• loose leaf paper
3. A mystery map will be presented by the teacher.

40
ACTIVITY: Understanding disaster Risk
Factors
ACTIVITY PROPER:
1. Gather as a group and write down what
you think the map is about. Draw a line
after thoughts are jotted down.
( 5mins)

2. The teacher will introduce the topic of

DISASTER RISK. After the discussion,
each group should share what they
know about the topic. (10 mins.)
41
ACTIVITY: Understanding disaster Risk
Factors
ACTIVITY PROPER:

3. Create a web or visualization of the

group’s collective knowledge or
understanding of the topic . Use
Powerpoint to present the summary of
the group’s anwers.(10 minutes) Use one
font color only.

42
ACTIVITY: Understanding disaster Risk
Factors

ACTIVITY PROPER:
4. Read the article/essay that will be
provided by the teacher.(15 minutes)
5. Text code the essay/article with “N” for
new information.
6. Add the new knowledge that you have
gained from the article to the web which
you have created earlier using a
different color of marker.( 5 minutes)
43
 ACTIVITY 1 (PT1): Understanding
disaster Risk Factors (contd)
ACTIVITY PROPER:
1. Gather as a group. An article will be distributed
for each member to read.( 20 minutes.)

2. After everyone has read, each member shares

new knowledge with his/her group and captures
key points on the chart paper using the fourth
color.. Members should again text-code for new
information. ( 30 minutes)
44
 ACTIVITY: Understanding disaster Risk
Factors
ACTIVITY PROPER:
3. Return to the “mystery map”. The
teacher will re-display the map again.
Each group should go back to where
they had initially written about the
“mystery map”; members should note
what they NOW think about the” mystery
map”. (10 minutes)
45
 ACTIVITY: Understanding disaster Risk
Factors
ACTIVITY PROPER:
4. Post your group’s chart on the board.
Everyone will be given ten minutes to
observe each group’s work.
5. A member for each group will be called
to share any observations on everyone’s
output.(10 minutes)

46
 GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Are there similarities
between each group’s
work?
GUIDE QUESTIONS

2. Are there differences?

3. What factors define
disaster risk?
4. What the process was like
to read successive, multi-
perspective articles?
5. Did they know much about
the topic before?
6. Had they been curious
about the topic?
7. What inspired they
47 curiosity?
ASSESSMENT: CHART RUBRIC

48
 Peer Evaluation Form for Group Work
Write the name of each of your group members in a separate column.
For each person, indicate the extent to which you agree with the
statement on the left, using a scale of 1-4 (1=strongly disagree;
2=disagree; 3=agree; 4=strongly agree). Total the numbers in each
column.

Evaluation Criteria Group member: Group Group member: Group member:

member:

Contributes meaningfully to group

discussions.

Completes group assignments on

time.

Prepares work in a quality

manner.

Demonstrates a cooperative and

supportive attitude.

Contributes significantly to the

success of the project.

TOTAL
49
50
 NATURE of RISK
• Is the combination of Probability of an
event to happen and its negative
consequences...

EXPOSURE ( to HAZARD) x VULNERABILITY

R= CAPACITY to COPE

51
 Definition

• Are VARIABLES that either

AGGRAVATE or MITIGATE the
EFFECTS OF HAZARDS, affecting
the degree or scope of a disaster.
These factors include variables like:
Physical, psychological, socio-
cultural, economic, political, and
Biological.
 1. PHYSICAL FACTORS
Pertains to tangible objects or
infrastracture like the
availability of the exits,
or the sturdiness of the
building, or the
presence or absence
of objects that can
harm or help you,etc.
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
Include the state of
mental
capacity and health,
Ex. Are we dealing with
babies? Kids? Adults?
Special Needs?
Perception of self
Ex. Self-assessment of
capability to respond
to disasters, fear), etc.
3. SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS
Include religion, social status,
traditions, perception by society,
etc.
Did God punish th Philippines
with typhoon Yolanda?
4. Economic Factors
Economic factors
include assets
and liabilities,
income,
economic class, etc.
 5.POLITICAL FACTORS

Include government structure,

diplomatic issues, etc.
Philippines highlights plan for disaster resilience at
UN forum- The Philippine Star.
British rejects
EU help for
food and
flood victims.
 6.BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Processes of organic origin or those
conveyed by biological vectors,
including exposure to pathogenic micro-
organisms, toxins and bioactive
substances, which may cause the loss
of life or injury, property damage, social
and economic disruption or
environmental degradation.
.
 6.BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Ex.
Malaria, Dengue fever
Pest infestations
Zoonoses
Medical wastes-used needles,
expired meds.
 Causes:
1. Poor sanitation practices
2. Improper disposal of wastes
3. Lack of understanding of the risks and causes.
4. Civil unrest, malicious, intent or terrorist
activity
5. Individuals who do not practice safe sex