Section 9 Members subjected to

Combined Forces
(Beam-Columns)

Dr S R Satish Kumar
Professor
Dept. of Civil Engineering
IIT Madras, Chennai
Sr.satishkumar@gmail.com

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 1

 SECTION 9 MEMBER SUBJECTED TO
COMBINED FORCES

9.1 General
9.2 Combined Shear and Bending

9.3 Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment

9.3.1 Section Strength

9.3.2 Overall Member Strength
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 2
 9.2 Combined Shear and Bending
Elastic Shear stress

Elastic a b c
Bending stress Plastic range

Secondary effects on beam behaviour

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 3

 9.2 Combined Shear and Bending
Sections subjected to HIGH shear force > 0.6 Vd
a) Plastic or Compact Section

 
M dv M d   M d  M fd  1.2 Ze f y  m0

  2 V / Vd  1 2

b) Semi-compact Section

M dv  Z e f y /  m 0
Mfd = plastic design strength of the area of c/s excluding the shear
area and considering partial safety factor
V = factored applied shear force; Vd = design shear strength
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 4
9.3 Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment
DESIGN OF BEAM COLUMNS
INTRODUCTION
SHORT & LONG BEAM-COLUMNS Modes of failure
Ultimate strength
BIAXIALLY BENT BEAM-COLUMNS
DESIGN STRENGTH EQUATIONS
Local Section Flexural Yielding
Overall Member Flexural Buckling

STEPS IN ANALYSING BEAM-COLUMNS

SUMMARY

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 5

 INTRODUCTION
Occurrence of Beam Columns
Eccentric Compression
Joint Moments in Braced Frames Rigid

Sway Moments in Unbraced Frames

Biaxial Moments in Corner Columns of

Frames

y z
x

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 6

 SHORT BEAM-COLUMNS

fy fy fy fy

= +
PM

fy fy fy fy
fy
Py MP Fc M
Axial Bending Combined
compression moment compression and
bending, P&M

Py = Ag*fy Mp = Zp*fy

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 7

 SHORT BEAM-COLUMNS
1.0 Short column
loading curve M = P e
P/Py

P0/Py Failure
envelope
Pcl /Py

O Mo/Mp Mmax/Mp 1.0 M/Mp

M / MP  1.0
P / Py + 0.85 M / MP  1.0
P/P + M/Mp  1.0 (conservative)
Dr S R Satish Kumar,yIIT Madras 8
 LONG BEAM COLUMNS

Non – Sway Frame

 M0 M0

P *

0
Linear
Mmax = Mo + P Non-Linear

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 9

 LONG BEAM-COLUMNS

Sway Frames
 M
0 M0

M = Mo + P

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 10

 LONG BEAM-COLUMNS
M0/MP= 0.0

P/Pcr = 0.0 A
M0 1.0 B
0.1
0.5 P. 0.5
Pcr
0.8
0.8

1.0 O
 
0 0 Cm M0
    M max 
1  P  1 P  1 P 
     
 PE   PE  PE
Cm accounts for moment gradient effects
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 11
 LONG BEAM-COLUMNS

1.0 Short column

loading curve
Failure Envelope
P/PE

F0/Pcs

Long columns
Fcl /Pcs loading curve

Eqn. 3

Mo/Mp Mmax/Mp 1.0

M / MP
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 12
 SLENDER BEAM-COLUMNS
Modified Strength Curves for Linear Analysis

Uniaxial Bending
After correcting for sway
After correcting for sway and and bow (P- and P-)
bow (P- and P-)
1.0
Short column 1.0 Short column
Fc/Pcs failure envelope failure envelope
Fcl/Pcs After correction Fc/Pcs
for (P-) effect A After
Fcl/Pcs correction
P* P* for (P-) effect
 

1.0
My/Mpy 1.0
Mx/Mpx
Minor axis bending
Major axis bending

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 13

 BEAM-COLUMNS / BIAXIAL BENDING

Fcl/Pcs

/r = 0

/r increases

My/ Mpy Mx/Mpx

Fig. 8 beam-columns under Biaxial Bending

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 14

 9.3 Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment

1 2
9.3.1 Section Strength  My   Mz 
9.3.1.1 Plastic and Compact Sections  

   1.0
 M ndy   M ndz 
N My Mz
  1.0
N d M dy M dz
N My Mz
9.3.1.3 Semi-compact section fx.  fy /m0   1.0
N d M dy M dz
9.3.2 Overall Member Strength

9.3.2.1 Bending and Axial Tension 

P K yM y KzM z
   1.0 Md
Pd M dy M dz

M eff  M  T Z e c / A  15
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras
 9.3.2.2 Bending and Axial Compression

P Cmy M y Mz
 Ky  K LT  1.0
Pdy M dy M dz
P Cmy M y C M
 0.6 K y  K z mz z  1.0
Pdz M dy M dz

 Cmy, Cmz = equivalent uniform moment factor as per table 18

 Also CmLT
K y / z  1  ( y / z  0.2)n y / z  1  0.8n y / z
0.1LT n y 0.1n y
K LT  1   1
(CmLT  0.25) (CmLT  0.25)
n y / z  P / Pdy / z
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 16
 STEPS IN BEAM-COLUMN ANALYSIS
Steps in Beam-Column Analysis
Calculate section properties
Evaluate the type of section

Check using interaction equation for section

yielding
Check using interction equation for overall
buckling
Beam-Column Design
 using equivalent axial load

Py,eq  P  Cmyu y my M y  Cmz mz M z

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 17

 SUMMARY
 Short Beam-Columns Fail by Section Plastification

 Slender Beam-Columns may Fail By

 Section Plstification

 Overall Flexural Yielding

 Overall Torsional-Flexural Buckling

 Intetaction Eqs. Conservatively Consider

 P- and P- Effects

 Advanced Analysis Methods Account for P-  and P- 

Effects, directly & more accuraely

Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras 18