Einc

ESSENTIAL IMMEDIATE NEWBORN
CARE
OBJECTIVE
A learner should be able to

demonstrate a safe and effective
essential immediate newborn care
ESSENTIAL IMMEDIATE
NEWBORN CARE
 Newborn Care protocol developed by the

department of health
 Adapted from international and evidence
based standards set by the WHO
 Directly address the MDG to REDUCE
CHILD MORATALITY
ESSENTIAL IMMEDIATE
NEWBORN CARE
 0% of death among children below 5 years

of age globally
 70% of newborn death may be prevented

during labor, delivery and immediately post
partum
ESSENTIAL IMMEDIATE
NEWBORN CARE
immediate nursing care essential

to the needs of neonate
Provided at the time of birth
Administrative Order
No. 2009-0025
Adopting New Policies

and Protocol on
Essential Newborn
Care
Administrative Order
No. 2009-0025
Issued on December 7, 2009

Outlines specific policies & pr
inciples to follow for all healt
h care providers involved in n
ewborn health care.
4 steps to save newborn lives
Immediate and thorough drying of the
newborn
Early skin-to-skin contact b/n mother
& newborn
Properly timed cord clamping and cut
ting
Non-separation of newborn and moth
er for early breastfeeding.
STEP BY STEP PROC
EDURE
ESSENTIAL IMMEDI
ATE NEWBORN CAR
E
TIME BAND:
PREPARING FOR DELIVERY
•I N T R O D U C E Y O U R S E L F .
•R E V I E W W I T H T H E M O T H E R W H A T C A R E
TO EXPECT FOR HERSELF AND HER BABY
.
•E N S U R E P R I V A C Y A N D S A F E T Y .
TIME BAND:
•C H E C K S D E L I V E R Y A R E A I S D R A F T - F R E E
AND ADJUSTS TEMPERATURE BETWEEN
25-28C.
•P E R F O R M H A N D W A S H I N G .
TIME BAND:
 Prepares all needed  Bonnet, name tag,

materials, supplies,
equipment. Maintains opthalmic ointment,
sterility. vitamin K, Hepa-B
vaccine, BCG Vaccine, 1-
 sterile gloves, sterile towel, tuberculin syringe, 2- 3 cc
sterile set containing:
sterile umbilical clamp, syringe, tape measure,
sterile cutting scissors, 3- cotton ball, warmer, crib.
operating sponge)
TIME BAND:
 Prepares newborn  Flat & firm surface,

resuscitation area bag, mask, suction
within easy reach. device, oxygen.
TIME BAND: AT PERINEAL BULGING WI
TH PRESENTING PART VISIBLE
 Perform medical hand
washing.
 Put on sterile gloves.

TIME BAND: AT BIRTH TO 30 SECONDS:
IMMEDIATE DRYING
 Calls out time of birth and sex of the baby.

 Acknowledge the time of birth and gender identification
 Deliver the baby onto the sterile towel draped over the
mother’s abdomen.
 Prevent contamination and promote early bond
IMMEDIATE DRYING
 Immediately dry the baby

within 5 seconds after
birth.
 Evaporation – loss of heat
through conversion of a
liquid to a vapor
IMMEDIATE DRYING
 Wipes eyes, face, head, trunk, back, arms and legs

thoroughly
 Stimulate the baby to breath
 Checks breathing while drying.

 Observe early signs of respiratory distress such as
gasping, grunting, weak cry
SCOR
E Signs 0 1 2
Activity/ Some flexion of ext Well flexed
A Muscle Tone
Flaccid
remities extremities
P Pulse rate Absent Less than 100 More than 100
Grimace/ Grimace, Sneeze, cough,

G Reflex Irritability
No Response
Weak cry Good strong cry
Appearance/ Blue, pale all o Body pink,

A Skin Color ver blue extremities
Completely pink
Respiratory effor Slow, irregular, wea Good,

R t
Absent
k cry strong cry
Interpretation of Result
0 – 3 in serious danger,
needs immediate resuscitation
 4 -6 condition is guarded
 7 – 10 is in best possible health

TIME BAND: 1- 3 MINUTES: EARLY SKIN-TO-SKIN
CONTACT & TIMELY CORD CLAMPING
 Remove wet towel to start skin-to-skin contact.

 Maintain baby dry and start bonding between mother and baby
 Cover the baby with sterile towel and cover head with bonnet.
 to prevent excessive heat loss
 Hypothermia consume 200 cal/kg/min
 Continue skin-to-skin contact on mother’s abdomen or chest.

 To create bond, allow colonization of good bacteria, protect from
hypoglycemia
TIME BAND: 1- 3 MINUTES: EARLY SKIN-TO-SKIN CONT
ACT & TIMELY CORD CLAMPING
TO BE DONE BY THE HANDLE

 Palpates the umbilical cord to
check for pulsation.
 Clamps and cut the cord using

the plastic clamp2 cm from
the base after pulsation stop
or within 1-3 minutes after
birth.
 To prevent anemia and
intravascular bleeding
IF THE BABY IS GASPING OR NOT BREATHING:CA
RE OF THE UMBILICAL CORD
 Properly restrains upper and lower extremities of the newborn.

 Removes first gloves.
 Disinfects umbilical cord from the base upward using OS with
alcohol, 3 times.
 Places sterile OS at the base of the cord
 Clamps the cord with umbilical clip 2 cm from the base of the cord.
 Cuts the cord about 0.5 cm above the cord clip.
 Cleanses the remaining blood from the cord with the OS placed on
the base of the cord.
 Pours 70% alcohol over the cord.
TIME BAND: WITHIN 90 MINUTES
 Do not separate the baby from the mother for at least 60

minutes, unless in respiratory distress or with maternal
emergency.
 increase the success of breast feeding
 Encourage breastfeeding when the baby shows feeding cues.

 opening of mouth, tonguing, licking, rooting
 Emphasis the importance of breastfeeding
 Stimulate uterine contraction, prevent post partum bleeding
 Immunity and nutrition for the baby
TIME BAND: WITHIN 90 MINUTES
 Do eye care before 1 hour, administer erythromycin or

tetracycline ointment. Apply from inner to outer.
 To Protect from eye infection, OPTHALMIC NEONATURUM
 Monitor the baby every 15 minutes

 Vital signs are good indicator of baby’s adaptation and survival
 HR, RR, Temp , Oxygen saturation, APGAR
 Postpone bathing until after 24 hours

 Prevent hypothermia and infection
Vital Signs
 Temperature = 36.5 – 37.5 C

 Heart Rate = 120 – 160 bpm
 Respiration = 30 – 60 breaths per min
 Examine the baby.
TIME BAND: 90  Assess wellness and any possible
MINUTES TO6 congenital anomaly
HOURS: NEWB
ORN CARE
 Put an identification tag around the
ankle
 Prevent misidentification and
medical error
 Weight the baby and record

 Assess nutritional status, and
determine SGA or LGA
Proper Identification
 Must be done in the delivery room.

 Identification bands – a plastic bracelet attached to newb
orn’s wrist or ankle with permanent locks that require cu
tting to be removed:
e.g. Name: Bb. Boy Ramos B-date: 6/22/12

Weight: 6.5 lbs. Time: 2:36 pm
Pedia: Dr. J. Tan
Weight
 Normal weight = 2.6 – 3.7 kg

6-9 lbs
2,700-4,000 gms
 Performs anthropometric
TIME BAND: 90 measurements
MINUTES TO6  Head circumference is slightly
HOURS: NEWB
ORN CARE larger than chest, Microcephaly
if reverse
Anthropometric Measurement
 Head Circumference = 33 – 35 cm.

 Chest Circumference = 31 – 33 cm
 Abdominal Circumference = 31 – 33cm
 Length = 46 – 54 cm
TIME BAND: 90 MINUTES TO6 HOURS: N
EWBORN CARE
 Injects Vitamin K
 Injects hepatitis B vaccine
 Injects BCG vaccine
 Refer unusualities.
 Document
TIME BAND: 90
MINUTES TO6
HOURS: NEWB
ORN CARE  Low prothrombin concentration ,
poor clotting mechanism
 Prevent bleeding
a. Withdraw the Low prothrombin
exact amount cocentration ,
0.1ml of Vit. K poor clotting
1mg mechanism,
(AquaMephyton) Prevent bleeding
from the ampule.
b. Injects IM into It also contains
the middle third larger muscles.
lateral aspect of Major nerves and
the infant's left blood vessels are
thigh. not located in this
site.
 Withdraw the exact amount 0.5ml of
TIME BAND: 90 Hepatitis B
MINUTES TO6
HOURS: NEWB
ORN CARE  Injects IM into the middle third
lateral aspect of the infant's right
thigh.
 To prevent hepatitis infection.

TIME BAND: 90 MINUTES TO6 HOURS: N
EWBORN CARE
 Injects hepatitis B vaccine
 Injects BCG vaccine
 Refer unusualities.
 Document
BE A CERTIFIED NANNY
Heart Mae Gatmaitan-Unggui, RN, MN
Clinical Instructor
Objectives:
 Basic hygiene for baby

 Basic hygiene for nanny
 Basic first aid
Career woman
child care provider
 A nanny, childminder, or a mother's helper
 is an individual person who provides care for

one or more children in a family as a service
nanny
 child care specialist whose workplace is a family’s private

home.
 A nanny is employed by a family to provide the highest

level of customized child care and to give personalized
attention to the family’s children
Professional nannies are usually certified in
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, qualified in First
Aid, and have a degree or extensive training in
child development
associations
 International Nanny Association (INA) was founded in

1985. INA is a non-profit organization which provides an
educational association for nannies with placement,
employment, and professional support
 Alliance of Professional Nanny Agencies (APNA) was
founded in 1993. It is a non-profit organization that
promotes professionalism in the nanny placement
industry.
Notable Nannies
 St. Josephine Bakhita (1869–1947), a black slave who

worked as a nanny and later became a Roman Catholic
saint
 was a Sudanese-born former slave who became a

Canossian Religious Sister in Italy, living and working
there for 45 years.
St. Josephine Bakhita
 In 2000 she was

declared a saint by
the Roman Catholic
Church
Charlotte Bill
 (c.1875–1965),
known as Lalla,
nanny of The Prince
John, son of King
George V from 1905
until 1919, featured
in the film The Lost
Prince
Marion Crawford
 CVO (1909–1988),
known as Crawfie,
nanny of the future
Queen Elizabeth II
and Princess
Margaret
Marion Crawford
Caring Nanny
Role of Caregiver
 To give a safe, caring home to a child or young person

 To provide clean food, shelter and clothing needs
 trusted adult, friend, role model, advocate and teacher
 a caregiver also does so much more.
Caregivers
change kids' lives
Growth and development
Newborn : 0-1 month old
Infant : 1 month to 1 year old
Toddler: 1 year to 3 year old
Pre-schooler: 3 year to 5 year

old
Hygiene Basics
FOR KIDS
AND
NANNY
Hygiene
 French hygiène
 meaning "(art) of health“
 Hygiene is a set of practices performed by an individual

to care for one's bodily health and well being, through
cleanliness
A clean kid is a
healthier kid
Importance of proper personal hygiene.
 one of the most effective ways we have to protect

ourselves – and others – from illness
 help to maintain health
 prevent the spread of diseases
 preservation of health
Why good hygiene is
important in child care?
Importance of hygiene in child care
Hygiene is essential for reducing the risk of cross infection

etween children and adults
Helps children hygiene develop haits that they will use

throughout their lives
Minimize the spread of infection

HOW DO WE GET
INFECTED?
 Cross infection is an infection spread from one organism
to another because of a poor barrier protection
Chain of Infection
Chain of infection
Standard Precaution
hand washing
is the act of cleaning one's hands with or without the
use of water or another liquid, or with the use of
soap, for the purpose of removing soil, dirt,
and/or microorganisms.
purpose of hand washing
The main medical purpose of washing hands is to cleanse

the hands of pathogens (including bacteria or viruses)
and chemicals which can cause personal harm or disease.
prevents or minimizes disease and the spreading of disease

Hands should be washed:
 Before every meal or snack

 Before and after handling or preparing food
 Before caring for a toddler or infant
 After coming in from outside
 After using the bathroom
 After playing with the family pet
 After changing the cat litter or cleaning a pet cage
 After sneezing or blowing the nose (when possible)
 After taking out the trash
 In overview, one must use soap and warm running water,
and wash all skin and nails thoroughly.
 First one should rinse hands with warm water, keeping

hands below wrists and forearms, to prevent
contaminated water from moving from the hands to the
wrists and arms.
 The warm water helps to open pores, which helps with
the removal of microorganisms, without removing skin
oils.
 One should use five milliliters of liquid soap, to
completely cover the hands, and rub wet, soapy hands
together, outside the running water, for at least 20
seconds.
 The most commonly missed areas are the thumb, the
wrist, the areas between the fingers, and under
fingernails. Artificial nails and chipped nail polish harbor
microorganisms
STEPS IN HAND WASHING
PERSONAL HYGIENE
 Good personal hygiene is the first step to good health.
 It not only protects you from poor health, but also shields
those around you from suffering illnesses that arise from
poor personal habits
tips for better personal care
Personal Hygiene Habit # 1
 Stay dry and clean
Shower daily
Rinse out all the soap
Make sure your intimates are not tight; cotton is a preferred material
It is recommended that after motions, you must wash up or wipe from
front to back. This will help avoid germs entering the vagina.
Grandma's tip: Back in the day, women were suggested to sleep without
their underwear, so that the vagina area remains dry.
 Personal Hygiene Habit #

Peeing etiquettes
Don't hold it in
Stay hydrated
Relax when you pee
Wipe from front to back
 Personal Hygiene Habit # 3
Fighting bad breath
Drink plenty of water.
Brush and floss regularly.
Treat any existing oral diseases.
Eat crunchy fruits and vegetables.
Cut out coffee.
Chew sugarless gum.
Eat yogurt
Get your vitamins. a, but can also help prevent two other causes of bad breath—gum disease and
gingivitis.
Avoid tobacco products.

 Personal Hygiene Habit# 4
Brushing hygiene
Brush your teeth twice a day for at least 3-5 minutes. Make sure you do not put too much pressure as
this can hurt your gums.
Place the bristles along the gum line at a 45-degree angle. Gently brush the outer tooth surfaces of 2-3
teeth using a vibrating back and forth motion. Clean outer, inner and biting surfaces of teeth with
scrubbing motion.
Studies show an essential oil based mouthwash reduces plaque by 70% and gum problems by 36% over
brushing alone. Use an anti-microbial mouthwash to get complete protection from germs.
Floss your teeth. Ease the floss gently between your teeth, pull the floss smoothly back and front.
Additionally, using a dental floss will help remove food debris that's stuck in your teeth.
Clean and brush the surface of your tongue daily because there is bacteria present particularly on the
rougher top surface of the tongue. These can contribute to bad breath (halitosis) and negatively affect
your dental health.
Personal Hygiene Habit# 5

Go for an alcohol-based sanitizer.
Clean your hands every now and then by using hand
sanitizers. This is because alcohol is a drying agent and kills all
the viruses and bacterias immediately.
However, please note alcohol is liable to make your skin dry,
thus always go for a branded alcohol-based fragrance-free
hand sanitizer, which has a good amount of moisturizer in it.
Bathe daily
A daily shower is a must whether you feel grungy or not. A regular bath
(every morning and after all athletic activities) helps in keeping you clean,
fresh and odor free.
Cleaning your body is also important to ensure your skin rejuvenates
itself, as the scrubbing of your arms, legs, and torso will slough off dead,
dry skin and help your skin stay healthy and refreshed, and will prevent
acne, blemishes and other skin eruptions.
Also, do not share your towel and wash them on a regular basis.
Trim your nails

Keeping your finger and toenails trimmed and in good shape will prevent
problems such as hang nails (when a loose strip of dead skin hangs from the edge
of a fingernail) and infected nail beds.
If possible, trim them weekly and brush them daily with soap so that no dirt or
residue remains beneath the nail.
Fingernails should be trimmed straight across and slightly rounded at the top
whereas toenails should be trimmed straight across.
The best time to cut your nails is after bathing when they are soft and easy to
trim.
It's also a good idea to moisturize nails and cuticles regularly.
Take care of your hair

Washing your hair at least every other day is important to
keeping your hair and scalp healthy and in good shape.
If you suffer from lice or dandruff, then take necessary action
at the earliest. Also, it is critical that you get a hair cut
frequently for healthy hair.
The longer you wait to get your hair cut, the more frail and
brittle your hair can become, especially if it is longer
Wear Clean Clothes

Wear a fresh set of clothes as often as possible.
Dirty clothes are a source of contamination and can cause very serious
skin disorders if worn over and over without washing them.
Also, try wearing a clean pair of socks every day (especially after athletic
activities) as this keep your feet dry and not smelly.
Wash clothing and linens on a regular basis as the longer it takes you to
clean them the smellier they become.
Hair Removal
Shave your underarms and legs if you desire, but do so with care. Use a new blade if you are going to
shave with a manual razor to lessen your risk of cutting yourself. Also use shaving cream, or a shaving
gel.
Take your time when shaving to avoid nicks and cuts.
Pubic hair does not have to be shaved.
If it is shaved, it may grow inward, and the skin in this area of the body may be sensitive after shaving.
Try using a moisturizer that contains no oil if you want to make facial hair less noticeable, or use a
bleaching product.
Talk to your parents about removing facial hair permanently, if you are thinking about it.
Body Odor
Keep your underarms and groin area clean and dry to discourage bacteria.
Change out of sweaty clothes as soon as possible after exercising or
perspiring.
Trim or shave your underarm and pubic hair so there is less surface area
allowing for the accumulation of sweat and bacteria.
Cut back on alcohol and foods that may contribute to body odor, including
curry, spicy food, onion, and garlic.
Sleep tight
Get plenty of rest — 8 to 10 hours a

night — so that you are refreshed
and are ready to take on the day
every morning.
Clean your ears

clean your ears with your fingers while having a bath
The daily cleaning of all hearing devices is essential to remove germs that
can be introduced into the ear
Earrings should be kept clean, and should be removed daily so the
piercing can be attended to.
The use of hair products can build-up on the ear and should be washed off
when possible to avoid irritation to the skin of the ear.
Foot Care
Wash your feet properly while having a bath, specially between the
fingers
Wear the right socks
Make sure your shoes aren't too tight.
Switch shoes
Wash shoes or insoles of your shoes
Stay in bare feet at home
Genital care
for men
wash your genitals with a finger.
Shower on the outside normally.
If you can retract foreskin just rinse in water and wipe with clean finger.
If you can't pull it back yet then it is clean under there and no maintenace is required.
For women
Clean your vaginal area twice a day
Use a panty liner
Try to keep this area shaved

Hygiene for Baby
 Hygiene plays a crucial component of a baby's overall
care.
 Practicing a good hygiene is extremely important to keep
your baby happy and healthy all the time.
 Apart from the basic cleanliness, there are certain areas
that require special attention to avoid any kind of
infection.
tips on how to follow a good hygiene for baby
BATHING
A good bath is necessary to keep the baby clean and tidy.

But make sure you are not over-bathing your baby. Bathing
the baby 2 or 3 times a week is sufficient in the first year.
Excessive bathing can lead the skin to go dry and chip.
SPONGE BATH
NAILS
Baby's nails are an important part that requires proper hy
giene.
Always keep baby's nails well trimmed so that he/she cann

ot scratch himself/herself.
The ideal time to trim your baby's nails is when he/she is i

n sleep.
Do not cut the nails too deep, it can hurt the baby.
Baby -sized nail clippers or scissors can be used to clip the
nails.
EAR
•Mother's must pay special attention towards the baby'
s ears.
•Make sure you are washing only and strictly the outer
ear and not the inside of the ear.
•Never use a cotton bud or swab to clean baby's ear a
s it can lead to damage of eardrum leading to permane
nt deafness.
•If your baby shows symptoms like fever, irritability and
again and again touches his/her ear , it is possible the
baby might have an ear infection. Take him to the pedi
atrician immediately.
NOSE
Proper cleaning of baby's nose is also essential part of the
over all cleanliness of the baby.
 Look out for dried mucus collected in the nose, this can
sometimes create problem for the baby to breathe.
 Use a damp wash cloth to gently clean any dried mucus in the
nostrils.(Stop if the baby is feeling irritated and upset.)
 a nasal syringe can be of great help to remove excess mucus
from a co
 Use a nasal syringe to remove excess mucus from a runny or
engorged , to avoid any kind of breathing problem.
CORD
This an important part of the baby and it requires extra speci

al care and cleanliness, until it falls off, which happens norm
ally in a few weeks after birth.
Make sure that you clean the cord, every time you change the
diaper. This will keep the cord dry and will prevent any kind
of infection.
Use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to clean the are
a around the cord.
.
 Make sure that the cord does not get inside the diaper
and get soaked in urine. To avoid this keep baby's
diaper folded below the naval area.
 Any kind of pus or redness near the base of the cord,
should be reported to the doctor.
 Make it a point to visit the doctor if your child cries on
touching the chord.
 Mother's should be aware of the fact that a little
redness and a little amount of discharge is an indication
of normal healing
DIAPERS
Cloth diapers are less expensive than disposable ones, but unless you use a diap
er service, cloth diapers are more work for you. Most newborns use about 10 dia
pers a day. If you are going to wash diapers, start with about 4 dozen. You can al
ways buy more if you find this isn't enough.
Before you start to change your baby, make sure you have everything you will ne
ed. Always take your baby with you if you have to step away from the changing t
able-even if it's just for a second.
Here's what you'll need to change your baby: A clean diaper and fasteners (if yo
u are using cloth diapers) Cotton A small basin with lukewarm water and a wash
cloth
Hygiene for Baby
 Healthy teeth and gums are vital to children’s general

health. Good oral health practices should start even
before the first tooth appears in your baby’s mouth
 Teeth development
 Baby teeth develop while babies are still in the womb.
Newborns have a full set of 20 baby teeth hidden in their
gums.
 Most baby teeth appear between 6 and 10 months. In
some children, teeth appear as early as three months. In
others, they don’t arrive until around 12 months.
Different children get teeth at different times. A very
small number of children are born with one or two teeth.
 Baby teeth can arrive in any order, although the central
bottom teeth are often first. All the baby teeth will
usually arrive by the time your child is three years old.
 The 32 adult teeth replace the baby teeth between the

ages of 6 and 20 years. You can’t replace these teeth, so
you have to look after them.
 Teething
 Each baby tooth appears (‘erupts’) slowly over several
weeks or months. As it gets to the surface, the gum opens
up to show the tooth.
Babies can sometimes rub their gums together when
new teeth are starting to erupt. This isn’t usually a
problem.
 Cleaning baby gums and teeth
 You can start cleaning and caring for your baby’s gums
well before the first tooth appears. A couple of times a
day, just wipe her gums gently using a clean, damp face
washer or gauze.
 As soon as teeth arrive, you can clean them twice a day
(in the morning and before bed). Wrap a clean, damp face
washer or gauze around a finger and wipe the front and
back of each tooth.
 If your baby doesn’t mind, you can introduce a small, soft
toothbrush designed for children under two years. Use
only water on the toothbrush until your baby is 18
months old (unless a dentist tells you to do something
else)
 Once your child is 18 months old, you can use a pea–sized

smear of low-fluoride toothpaste on the toothbrush.
 Toothpaste shouldn’t be used with babies under 18
months of age (unless recommended by your dentist).
 Keeping the toothbrush clean
After cleaning your baby’s teeth and gums, rinse the
toothbrush with tap water.
 Store the toothbrush upright in an open container to allow it
to air-dry.
 If other family members’ toothbrushes are stored in the same
place, make sure the brushes don’t touch. This reduces the
risk that decay-causing germs will travel between brushes and
into your baby’s mouth. And there’s no sharing when it comes
to toothbrushes! One for each family member is best.
 Toothbrushes should be replaced every 3-4 months, or when
the bristles get worn or frayed.
Set-up and strip off
Before changing a nappy, make sure yo

u have everything you need within reac
h of the change area.
This includes a fresh nappy, baby crea

m, baby wipes or washcloths, and some
water.
Lie your baby down on the change table. If s
he grizzles, you might like to sing her a son
g or give her a favourite toy to keep her ente
rtained.
Always keep your hands on your baby so sh

e doesn't fall.
Undress your baby’s bottom half, then undo the na
ppy.
He might do a wee when he feels the cooler air, so h

ave a spare cloth handy.
Use the front of the nappy to wipe off any poo, then
fold the nappy into a tight bundle to stop spills.
Cleanse and put on the new nappy
Gently clean baby’s bottom with baby wipes or a

damp washcloth.
Put cream on her bottom.
Always wipe front to back to avoid infections.

Take a new folded cloth nappy with a liner.
Slip it under your baby, then fasten it with clip

s
Put a nappy cover on, covering t
he whole nappy to avoid leaks.
Nappy-changing tips
Once you've dressed your b

aby, put him somewhere saf
e while you wash your hand
s
When travelling, carry spar
e cloth nappies, clips, liners
, pilchers, baby cream and
waterproof bags.
You might need to change c
loth nappies more often (6-
7 changes on average per da
y) than disposables.
Daily personal hygiene for toddlers
 The bath is a relaxed and wonderful environment for
most toddlers, and also a great place for play. Your
toddler will have lots of fun with plastic cups, funnels,
bottles and toys that float.
 Now that your toddler is able to sit securely in the bath,
you don’t need to keep a hand on him at all times, but
bath safety is still important.
 Make sure you’re within arm’s reach at all times, and
never leave the bathroom. Your child could slip under
the water (drowning can happen in a matter of
seconds and in very little water) or turn on the hot water.
 For a bit of variety, you could let your child get in the
shower with you every once in a while. The main
challenge with showers – and baths for that matter – can
be getting your toddler to come out!
 some toddlers might be afraid of the bath . If this happens,
take your toddler’s fears seriously, because they’re very real
to her. To help your child overcome a fear of the bath, you can
try:
 taking a bath with your toddler
 letting her sit or play in the bath without water in it
 getting her to leave the bathroom before you take the plug
out – some toddlers are afraid of getting sucked down the
plug hole
 having a shower with her
 letting her sit in the baby bath in the big tub (if she still fits).
 Regular baths or showers will help keep your child clean
and healthy. Bathing at the end of the day can also be
part of an enjoyable bedtime routine. Make it fun with
games and toys, and never leave your child alone at bath
time.
 Teach your child to always wash her hands before eating
or preparing food, after going to the toilet or playing, and
after touching animals or dirty objects. Use water and
soap over the hands and wrists. Dry hands thoroughly
with a clean towel or hand dryer
 Your daughter’s vulva can be gently washed in the bath or
shower like other body parts. Your daughter should wash
from front to back to reduce the risk of urinary tract
infections. Her vagina cleans itself – don’t put anything in
it.
Drying
 Boys should wash their penis and scrotum (balls) the
same way they wash other body parts. Teach your son to
regularly clean the tip of his penis. There’s no need to
wash under the penis foreskin (if he has one)
Drying
 Use a dry towel or flannel to gently rub your child dry. Dry
everywhere, including the armpits, genitals, groin,
bottom and behind the ears. Drying before getting
dressed can help avoid rashes. In warmer weather, your
child can air-dry before dressing
Drying
 Teach your child to wipe her bottom with toilet paper –
you might have to help, depending on her age. Show how
much toilet paper to use by counting the squares. Girls
should always wipe from front to back.
Teeth and nose

 Brush teeth twice a day, once in the morning and once in
the evening. For older children, floss every night if
possible (or at least twice every week)
Teeth and nose

 Your child should learn to blow her nose gently when it’s
blocked – this makes breathing easier. Teach her to blow
out candles or blow bubbles, then to blow with her nose.
Hard blowing can cause nosebleeds
Teeth and nose

 Teach your child to cover his mouth with a tissue when he
sneezes or coughs. Then the tissue goes in the bin. He
should cough into his upper sleeve or elbow when he
doesn’t have a tissue. Always wash hands after sneezing
or coughing.
Sterilization
 Every mother wants her baby to remain happy and free of

any kind of infection or ailment.
 There are a few things that a mother must always take
care of in order to keep her baby healthy and eliminate
the risk of any health problem.
 Taking care of the equipments that the baby use forms
the integral part of well being.
Care of feeding equipment
A feeding bottle is used by all the babies , irrespective of

the fact that they are on breast feed.
Even breastfeeding mothers require a bottle for expressed

milk.
So it becomes extremely important to pay special attention

to keep the bottles clean and sterile.
All the articles that come in the contact of milk for the
baby must be washed in hot soapy water.
Make use of the special bottle brush in order to remove any

kind of milk residue from them.
See that the hole of the teat is not choked by splashing

water over it.
Use clean water to wash and sterilize the things and make
sure that you keep them in a sterile location.
Do not use a teat that shows the signs of any kind of wear
and tear.
Make sure you replace the teat regularly.

STERILIZING TECHNIQUES
 Basically there are four main techniques to sterilize the

bottles and other things once they have been washed
thoroughly.
1. BOILING
Place the bottles in a big covered saucepan and
pour water enough to cover them.
Let the water to come to a boil and let it boil on slo

w gas for 10 minutes.
Do not take the bottles out of the covered pan unles

s they are needed.
2. STEAM STERILIZATION
In this kind of Sterilization, the bottles and teats a
re kept in special equipments designed for steam
generation.
And then the water is poured into the stem unit as

per the procedure.
3. CHEMICAL STERILISATION
In this technique of Sterilization one needs sterilizing tablets for liquids a

nd a special container.
Make sure you follow the procedure mentioned on the sterilizing tablets o
r fluid to make a solution.
The teat and the bottles should be completely covered with the solution.
Now complete the procedure as mentioned.
Whenever you need a bottle, make sure you rinse it with cool, boiled wate
r before using it.
4. MICROWAVE STEAM STERILIZATION

In a number of ways this method is identical to the
steam Sterilization.
Here the objects are first kept in a special containe

r and then are placed in the microwave.
Now follow the steps as mentioned for the time an

d temperature for which the microwave is to be set
.
Thank you for listening

Einc

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Einc

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

ESSENTIAL IMMEDIATE NEWBORN

A learner should be able to

 Newborn Care protocol developed by the

 0% of death among children below 5 years

 70% of newborn death may be prevented

immediate nursing care essential

Adopting New Policies

Issued on December 7, 2009

 Prepares all needed  Bonnet, name tag,

 Prepares newborn  Flat & firm surface,

 Put on sterile gloves.

 Calls out time of birth and sex of the baby.

 Immediately dry the baby

 Wipes eyes, face, head, trunk, back, arms and legs

 Checks breathing while drying.

P Pulse rate Absent Less than 100 More than 100

Grimace/ Grimace, Sneeze, cough,

Appearance/ Blue, pale all o Body pink,

Respiratory effor Slow, irregular, wea Good,

 7 – 10 is in best possible health

 Remove wet towel to start skin-to-skin contact.

 Continue skin-to-skin contact on mother’s abdomen or chest.

TO BE DONE BY THE HANDLE

 Clamps and cut the cord using

 Properly restrains upper and lower extremities of the newborn.

 Do not separate the baby from the mother for at least 60

 Encourage breastfeeding when the baby shows feeding cues.

 Do eye care before 1 hour, administer erythromycin or

 Monitor the baby every 15 minutes

 Postpone bathing until after 24 hours

 Temperature = 36.5 – 37.5 C

 Weight the baby and record

 Must be done in the delivery room.

e.g. Name: Bb. Boy Ramos B-date: 6/22/12

 Normal weight = 2.6 – 3.7 kg

 Head Circumference = 33 – 35 cm.

 Injects hepatitis B vaccine

 Injects BCG vaccine

 To prevent hepatitis infection.

 Injects hepatitis B vaccine

 Injects BCG vaccine

 Basic hygiene for baby

 is an individual person who provides care for

 child care specialist whose workplace is a family’s private

 A nanny is employed by a family to provide the highest

 International Nanny Association (INA) was founded in

 St. Josephine Bakhita (1869–1947), a black slave who

 was a Sudanese-born former slave who became a

 In 2000 she was

 To give a safe, caring home to a child or young person

Newborn : 0-1 month old

Infant : 1 month to 1 year old

Toddler: 1 year to 3 year old

Pre-schooler: 3 year to 5 year

 Hygiene is a set of practices performed by an individual

 one of the most effective ways we have to protect

 help to maintain health

 prevent the spread of diseases

Hygiene is essential for reducing the risk of cross infection

Helps children hygiene develop haits that they will use

Minimize the spread of infection

The main medical purpose of washing hands is to cleanse

prevents or minimizes disease and the spreading of disease

 Before every meal or snack