SUMMER TRAINING SEMINAR ON

220KV SUBSTATION, MURADNAGAR

-Anmol Varshney
EN 4TH YR
1602921029
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 DESCRIPTION OF 220KV SUBSTATION
 POWER TRANSFORMERS
 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
 BUCHOLZ RELAY
 ISOLATORS
 INSULATORS
 LIGHTNING ARRESTERS
 WAVE TRAP
 CONTROL ROOM
 PLCC
 CONCLUSION
Substation:-
A substation is a subsidiary station of an
electricity transmission, & distribution system where
voltage is transformed to high to low or the reverse
using transformers.

A substation generally have switching, protection,

& control equipment & one or more transformers.

Types:-
(a) Transmission substation
(b) Distribution substation
DESCRIPTION OF 220KV
SUBSTATION, MURADNAGAR
 The 220KV power substation has the capacity-
(2*160MVA+1*100MVA).
 It receives three 220kv lines from Sikandrabad,
Loni and Dadri and two 400kv lines from
Modinagar (circuit 1) and a newly installed
circuit 2. It steps down this supply to 132kv, 66kv,
33kv and 11kv. 132kv line gives supply to Lalkuan,
Morta, Newari, Modisteel, Hapur and Dasna,
33kv line to Rawli, Noorpur, Goelispat, and 11kv
to New substation.
220 kv incoming feeder 132 kv outgoing feeder

outgoing

400kv incomer
incomer
220 KV INCOMING LINES THROUGH L.A AND
CONNECTED
TO THE INSULATED DISCS
POWER TRANSFORMERS

 Transformer is a static machine, which transforms the

potential of alternating current at same frequency. It means
the transformer transforms the low voltage into high voltage
& high voltage to low voltage at same frequency. It works
on the principle of mutual inductance.
 When the energy is transformed to a higher voltage, the
transformer is called step up transformer and then it is
transmitted at lower voltage it is called step down
transformer.
 There are 3 transformers in the substation:
 160MVA, 220/132 KV (2nos.)
 100 MVA TRANSFORMER(1)
160MVA220/132 kv transformer feeding

Transfer Bus Current Transformer

Transformer Gantry
(CT)

Transformer
LA
160 MVA transformers are manufactured by ADITYA and
by TRM. These are the power transformers and , there
efficiency is high. Primary side is star connected while
secondary is delta connected.
There are seventeen tapping in it.
Every transformer has OLTC to change the tap for
controlling voltage.

TYPES OF COOLING:
AIR NATURAL COOLING
AIR BLAST COOLING
OIL NATURAL COOLING
OIL BLAST COOLING etc.
INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMERS

Instrument transformers means current transformer

& voltage transformer are used in electrical power
system for stepping down currents and voltages
of the system for metering and protection
purpose. Actually relays and meters used for
protection and metering, are not designed for
high currents and voltages.
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
 C.T. is an instrument transformer used for protection & metering of
high values of currents. C.T. is used for reducing a.c from higher to
lower value for measurement/protection/control. There are two
classes of C.T:
 protective C.T
 measuring C.T
 Protective C.Ts are used for over current protection, earth fault
protection, differential protection& impedence protection, etc.
 Measuring C.Ts are used with ammeters, wattmeters, KV meters &
KWH meters for reducing line.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS
Potential Transformer or Voltage Transformer are used in
electrical power system for stepping down the system voltage
to a safe value which can be fed to low ratings meters and
relays. Commercially available relays and meters used for
protection and metering, are designed for low voltage.
 Current
Transform
Capacitive er(CT)
Voltage CONSERVATOR
Transform
er(CVT)

Current
Transformer
(CT) AIR BLAST
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

CIRCUIT BREAKERS
 A circuit breaker is equipment, which can open or close
a circuit under normal as well as fault condition. These
circuit breaker breaks for a fault which can damage
other instrument in the station. It is so designed that it
can be operated manually (or by remote control) under
normal conditions and automatically under fault
condition. Whenever a fault occurs trip coil gets
energized, the moving contacts are pulled by some
mechanism & therefore the circuit is opened or circuit
breaks.
CIRCUIT BRAEKER

Circuit Breaker Polycon 132KV CB

Insulator
ISOLATORS
 In Sub-Station, it is often desired to disconnect a part of the system for
general maintenance and repairs. This is accomplished by an isolating
switch or isolator. An isolator is essentially a knife Switch and is
design to often open a circuit under no load, in other words, isolator
Switches are operate only when the line is which they are connected
carry no load. For example, consider that the isolator are connected on
both side of a cut breaker, if the isolators are to be opened, the C.B.
must be opened first. If an isolator is opened carelessly, when carrying
high current the resulting arc easily causes flashover to earth.
Isolators

Isolators
SEQUENCE OF STEPS FOR ATTENDING MAINTENANCE:
1. Open CB on no load or full load
2. Open the isolator on no load
3. Close the earth switch

SEQUENCE OF STEPS FOR KEPT IN SERVICE

1. Open the earth switch
2. Close the isolator
3. Close the CB
BUCHHOLZ RELAY

Definition:- Buchholz relay is a gas actuated relay. It can only

be fitted to the transformers equipped with conservator tanks
as it is installed in b/w the conservator tank and the main tank
i.e., the pipe connecting the two.
Principle:- Whenever a fault occurs inside the
transformers, the oil of the tank gets overheated and gases
are generated.
The heat generated by the high local current causes the
transformer oil to decompose and produce gas which can be
used to detect the faults.
BUCHHOLZ RELAY PICTURE
INSULATORS
 The insulator serves two purpose. They support the conductor
(or bus bar) and confine the current to the conductor. The most
commonly used material for the manufactures of insulators is
porcelain. There are several type of insulator (i.e. pine type,
suspension type , strain type ,shackle types etc.) and there used
in Sub-Station will depend upon the service requirement.
LIGHTNING ARRESTERS

 Lightening arrestors with earth switch lightening arrestors

after the current transformer are used so as to protect it from
lightening i.e. from high voltage entering into it. This
lightening arrestor has an earth switch, which can directly
earth the lightening. The arrestor works at 30° to 45° angel
of the lightening making a cone. The earth switch can be
operated manually, by pulling the switch towards ground.
This also helps in breaking the line entering the station. By
doing so maintenance and repair of any instrument can be
performed.
 Strain type
SUSPENSION
TYPE

Lightning
Arrestor
WAVE TRAP
 Wave trap is an instrument using for trapping of the wave. The
function of this trap is that it traps the unwanted waves. Its
function is of trapping wave. Its shape is like a drum. It is
connected to the main incoming feeder so that it can trap the
waves which may be dangerous to the instruments here in the
substation. Low pass filter when power frequency currents are
passed to switch yard and high frequency signals are blocked.

 It is used for communication purpose.

IT HAS FOLLOWING CONTROL PANELS:
1. 220 KV LINE PROTECTION PANEL
2. 400/220 KV TRANSFORMER CONTROL AND RELAY PANEL
3. 220 KV OUTGOING DOUBLE FEEDER CONTROL PANEL
4. FREQUENCY PANEL
5. 100 MVA OLTC PANEL
6. RTU PANEL
CONTROL
7.
ROOM
BATTERY CHARGER PANEL
POWER LINE CARRIER
COMMUNICATION

For exchange of dates and transfer message

between grid substation,voice communication is
necesarry. for this purpose high frequency carrier
current is transmitted on same transmission line on
which power is transmitted.
Hence such communication is called “power line
communication
POWER LINE CARRIER
COMMUNICATION PICTURE
THANK YOU