What is Environment?

Atmosphere

ENVIRONMENT

LAND WATER

The surroundings in which study living and non living things is

called Environment
 Effects of Air Pollution

 Ecosystems
 Reduction of visibility
 Global warming
 Health:
 Irritation and inflammation
 Breathing difficulties
 Lung damage
 Heart disease
 Vision problems
 Premature death

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Land Pollution

•Land is any part of the earth’s surface not covered by a

body of water (terrestrial biosphere). It is used by
human beings to grow food, rear animals, build shelter

•Improper handling of human, household and

commercial wastes, and contamination industrial
effluents
Environmental processes

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 What is Physics

• The branch of science that deals with matter and energy and their
interactions.

Examples Of Physics In Everyday Life

•Alarm Clock.
•Steam Iron. ...
•Walking. ...
•Ball Point Pen. ...
•Headphones/Earphones. ...
•Car Seat-Belts. ...
•Camera Lens. ...
•Cell Phones

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 Environmental Physics
Definition
The branch of physics concerned with the
measurement and analysis of interactions
between organisms and their environment. Or
The response of living organisms to their
environment within the framework of the physics
of environmental processes and issues.
First Lecture

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Environmental physics is an interdisciplinary subject that integrates
the physics processes in the following disciplines:

1. the atmosphere,
2. the biosphere (Soil and Vegetation)
3. the hydrosphere (Oceans)
4. the geosphere (spherical layers within the earth from
crust to core)

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Basic Environment Spectroscopy

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 Definitions
• Spectroscopy- the study of the light from
an object.
• Spectrometer- an instrument which
spreads out light making a spectra.
• Spectra- range of electromagnetic energy
separated by wavelength.
 Properties of ElectroMagnetic Radiation (Light)
Introduction

A.) Spectroscopy: A method of analysis based on the interaction, absorption or

production of light by matter. (also may include the interaction of electrons,
ions or acoustics with matter)

B.) Light: Electromagnetic radiation

Two different views of light:

1.) Wave Model

1. Wave Model
i.) represented by a sinusoidal wave traveling in space with an oscillating
electric field and perpendicular magnetic field. (electric field is what is
considered or used in most spectroscopic methods – except NMR)

ii.) description of wave model

1) amplitude (A) – height of wave’s electric vector

2) wavelength (l) – distance (nm, cm, m) from peak to peak

a) wave number v( ) = 1/l (cm-1)
1. Wave Model

ii.) description of wave model

3) frequency (n) – number of cycles or oscillations per second
a) hertz (Hz) or s-1.

4) velocity of propagation (vi) – rate of travel through space, dependent on

composition of medium
a) vi = nli
b) maximum velocity (c) – speed of light in a vacuum (3.00 x108 m/s)
c) slower in other media (~ 0.03% slower in air)
 Properties of Light
1.) Refraction: change in direction in the travel of a light beam when it
comes at an angle to a boundary (interface) between two transparent
media with different densities.

Pencil appears to bend at water/air

interface due to refraction of light
a.) Refraction Index (hi): medium/substance specific
hi = c/vi
c = speed of light in a vacuum
vi = speed of light in medium of interest at the
specified frequency

hi ≥ 1 since vi ≤ c

Typical values for h: Values of h are wavelength dependent

(useful for design of prisms)
Refractive
Material
Index
Air 1.0003
values of h in table (if no frequency
given) are usually for sodium double
Water 1.33
(D) line at 590 nm.
Glycerin 1.47
Immersion Oil 1.515
Glass 1.52
Flint 1.66
Zircon 1.92
Diamond 2.42
Lead Sulfide 3.91
Say: Have ye thought: If (all) your water were
to disappear into the earth, who then could
bring you gushing water ? (Al -Mulk -30 )

Thank You