Video Streaming and

related end to end

protocols

Presented By – Anjali Singh(B170178CS)

Vaibhav
 Contents
 What is video streaming?
 Delivery methods of streaming media
 Streaming Stored Media
 Streaming Live Media
 Real-Time Interactive Media
 Real – Time interactive Protocols
 RTP
 RTCP
 Session Initialisation Protocol(SIP)
 What is video streaming?
 Streaming video is content sent in compressed form
over the internet and displayed by the user viewer in
real time.

 With streaming video a web user does not have to wait

to download a file to play it instead media is sent in
continuous stream of data and is played as it arrives.

 Streaming video refers to the broadcasting of TV

programs through the internet.
 Streaming Stored Media
 In the first category , video files are compressed and
stored on a server
 A client downloads the file through the internet.
 Examples of stored video files are movies, TV shows and
music video clips.
 This can also be called as on-demand request for
Compressed Video Files.
Different approaches of Streaming Stored
Video

 Using Web Server

 Using Web Server with a Metafile
 Using Media Server
 Using Media Server and RTSP
 Using Web Server
 A compressed video file can be downloaded as
a text file.
 The browser use the services of HTTP and GET
message to download a file.
 The web server can send compressed file to
the browser.
 Browser uses a media player to play the file.
Fig. : Pictorial representation of using a web server
 Using Web Server with a Metafile
Metafile : Metafile is a file that holds the information
about the video file.

 The HTTP client sends GET message.

 Server responds and send information about
metafile.
 Metafile is passed to the media player.
 Media player uses URL in the metafile to access the
video file.
 Web server responds.
Fig. : Using Web Server with a Metafile
 Using a Media Server
 HTTP client server sends a GET message to the web
server.
 Web server responds and send the information about
the Metafile.
 Metafile is passed to the media player.
 The media player uses the URL in the Metafile to
access the media server download the file by using any
protocol that uses UDP.
 The media server responds.
Fig. : Using a Media Server
 Using a Media Server and RTSP
RTSP : The Real-Time Streaming Protocol(RTSP) is a
control protocol designed to add more functionalities to
streaming process. Using RTSP we can control the playing
of the video.

 The HTTP client sends GET message.

 Server responds and send information about metafile.
 Metafile is passed to the media player.
 The media player sends a SETUP message to create a
connection with media server.
 The media server responds.
 The media player sends a play message to start
playing(downloading).
 The video file is downloaded using another
protocol that runs over UDP.
 The connection is broken using TEARDOWN
message.
 The media server responds.
Fig. : Using a Media Server and RTSP
 Streaming Live Video
 In Streaming Live Video, user listens to broadcast
video through internet.
 The communication is multicast and live.
 Live Streaming is better suited to the multicast
service of IP and uses protocol such as UDP and RTP.
 Examples is Internet Television it allows viewer to
choose the show they want to watch from a library
of shows.
 Real-Time Interactive Media
 In this category, people use the internet to
interactively communicate with one another.
 The Internet Phone or Voice Over IP is an example
of this type of application.
 A good practical example is Skype which is a Peer to
Peer VoIP application software which allows users
to make free calls over the internet.
 Real-time Transport Protocol(RTP)
 RTP is a transport protocol for real-time
applications.
 It provides end-to-end delivery services for data
with real-time characteristics , such as interactive
audio and video.
 Those services include payload type identification,
sequence numbering, timestamping and delivery
monitoring.
 Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is the protocol
designed to handle real-time traffic on the Internet.
Fig. RTP
Fig. Header of RTP
 Real-time Transport Control Protocol(RTCP)

 RTCP is Real-time Transport Control Protocol.

 RTCP allows different types of messages that
controls the flow and quality of data and
allows recipient to send feedback to source.
 RTCP uses an odd-numbered UDP port
number that follows the port number selected
for RTP.
 It is used along with RTP.
Fig. RTCP Message Types
 Session Initialisation Protocol(SIP)
 The SIP is an application layer protocol used in
conjunction with RTP.
 It establishes , manages and terminate a
multimedia session(call) .
 It can be used to create two party, multi party
or multicast session.
 It is independent of underlined transport
layers.
 It can run on UDP or TCP using port 5060.
Fig. SIP Messages
 References
 Data Communication and Networking –
Behrouz A. Forouzan
 NPTEL Lectures YouTube
 Adam Baruch Presentation
Thank You