MARRIAGE is the

golden ring in a
chain whose
beginning is a
GLANCE and whose
ending is ETERNITY.

-Kahlil Gibran
 KINSHIP
BY
MARRIAGE
Kinship
•connections between individuals,
established either through marriage or
through the lines of descent that
connect blood relatives (mothers,
fathers, siblings, offspring, etc.).
•The bond of blood or marriage which
binds people together in group.
•According to the Dictionary of
Anthropology, kinship system includes
socially recognized relationships based
on supposed as well as actual
genealogical ties.
Marriage
•may be defined as a socially
acknowledged and approved sexual
union between two adult
individuals.
•When two people marry, they become
kin one another; the marriage bond
also, however, connects together a
wider range of kins people. Parents,
sisters, brothers and other blood
relatives become relatives of the partner
through marriage.
•These relationships are the result of social
interaction and recognized by society.
PATTERNS
OF
MARRIAGE
MONOGAMY
•The term monogamy (literally
“one marriage” or “one union”
in Greek)
•when you are married to, or in a
sexual relationship with, one
person at a time
• Humans are one of the few
species that practice monogamy
VARIETIES
OF
MONOGAMY
Social Monogamy
•refers to a couple that lives together and
cooperates in acquiring basic resources
such as food and shelter
•refers to a male and female's social living
arrangement without inferring any sexual
interactions or reproductive patterns
•In humans, social monogamy equals
monogamous marriage.
Sexual Monogamy
•refers to a couple that remains sexually
exclusive with one another and neither
person has outside sex partners
•defined as an exclusive sexual
relationship between a female and a male
based on observations of sexual
interactions
Genetic Monogamy
•refers to the fact that two partners only
have offspring with one another, so that all
the offspring raised by the pair are
genetically related to each partner
•used when DNA analyses can confirm that
a female-male pair reproduce exclusively
with each other
Serial Monogamy
•is a form of monogamy in which
participants have only one sexual partner at
any one time, but have more than one
sexual partner in their lifetime.
•more often more descriptive than
prescriptive, in that those involved did not
plan to have subsequent relationships
while involved in each monogamous
partnership
POLYGAMY
•In Greek, poly means "multiple”
•Polygamous or successive
monogamous partnerships have
proven valuable for many species,
and for human beings under certain
conditions.
•marriage to more than one spouse at
a time
•However, same-sex marriage may instigate
new forms of polygamy
 Two Forms
POLYGYNY
•more common form
•(from the Greek, meaning “many
women”), marriage that unites one man
and two or more women.
 Two Forms
POLYGYNY
•For example, Islamic nations in the Middle
East and Africa permit men to four wives.
Even so, most Islamic families are
monogamous because a very few men can
afford to support several wives and even
more children.
Polyandry
•(from the Greek, meaning “many men”
or “many husbands”) is marriage that
unites one woman and two or more
men.
Polyandry
•One case of this rare pattern is seen is
Tibet, a mountainous land where
agriculture is difficult. There, polyandry
discourages the division of land into
parcels too small to support a family and
divides the work of farming among many
men.
ENDOGAMY
•marriage between people of the same
social category.
•limits marriage prospects to others of the
same age, race, religion, or social class
• people of similar position pass along their
standing to their offspring, thereby
maintaining the traditional social hierarchy
EXOGAMY
•mandates marriage between people of
different social categories
•In rural areas of India, for example, people
are expected to marry someone of the same
caste (endogamy) but from a different
village (exogamy).
• builds alliances and encourages cultural
diffusion.
REQUISITS
OF
MARRIAGE
(The Family Code of the Philippines)

Article 1

Marriage is a special contract of

permanent union between a man and a
woman entered into in accordance with
law for the establishment of conjugal and
family life.
Article 1

It is the foundation of the family and an

inviolable social institution whose nature,
consequences, and incidents are governed
by law and not subject to stipulation, except
that marriage settlements may fix the
property relations during the marriage within
the limits provided by this Code.
Article 2

No marriage shall be valid, unless these

essential requisites are present:
•Legal capacity of the contracting parties who
must be a male and a female
•Consent freely given in the presence of the
solemnizing officer
Article 3

The formal requisites of marriage are:

•Authority of the solemnizing officer;
•A valid marriage license except in the
cases provided for in Chapter 2 of
this Title;
Article 3

The formal requisites of marriage are:

•A marriage ceremony which takes place with
the appearance of the contracting parties
before the solemnizing officer and their
personal declaration that they take each other
as husband and wife in the presence of not
less than two witnesses of legal age
Article 4

•The absence of any of the essential or formal

requisites shall render the marriage void ab
initio, except as stated in Article 35 (2).
•A defect in any of the essential requisites
shall render the marriage voidable as
provided in Article 45.
Article 4

•An irregularity in the formal requisites shall

not affect the validity of the marriage but the
party or parties responsible for the
irregularity shall be civilly, criminally and
administratively liable.
Article 5

•Any male or female of the age of eighteen

years or upwards not under any of the
impediments mentioned in Articles 37 and 38,
may contract marriage.
Article 6
No prescribed form or religious rite for the
solemnization of the marriage is required. It shall
be necessary, however, for the contracting parties
to appear personally before the solemnizing officer
and declare in the presence of not less than two
witnesses of legal age that they take each other as
husband and wife. This declaration shall be
contained in the marriage certificate which shall be
signed by the contracting parties and their
witnesses and attested by the solemnizing officer.
Article 6

In case of a marriage in articulo mortis, when

the party at the point of death is unable to
sign the marriage certificate, it shall be
sufficient for one of the witnesses to the
marriage to write the name of said party,
which fact shall be attested by the
solemnizing officer.
Article 7

Marriage may be solemnized by:

•Any incumbent member of the judiciary

within the court's jurisdiction;
Article 7
Marriage may be solemnized by:
•Any priest, rabbi, imam, or minister of any church
or religious sect duly authorized by his church or
religious sect and registered with the civil registrar
general, acting within the limits of the written
authority granted by his church or religious sect
and provided that at least one of the contracting
parties belongs to the solemnizing officer's church
or religious sect;
Article 7

Marriage may be solemnized by:

•Any ship captain or airplane chief only in the

case mentioned in Article 31;
Article 7

Marriage may be solemnized by:

• Any military commander of a unit to which a
chaplain is assigned, in the absence of the
latter, during a military operation, likewise
only in the cases mentioned in Article 32;
•Any consul-general, consul or vice-consul in
the case provided in Article 10.
Legal age
OF
MARRIAGE
Since 2017, the minimum age is 18.
Before 2017 females could marry from 16,
with parental consent and varies by state.
The General Law on the Rights of
Children and Adolescents 2014
establishes 18 years as the general age
of marriage, but allows girls to marry at
14 and boys at 16 with parental consent.
Australia
The legal minimum age of marriage is 18 for both
boys and girls. A person between 16 and 18 years
may apply to a judge or magistrate in a state or
territory for an order authorizing marriage to a person
who has attained 18 years, but the marriage of the
minor still requires parental or guardian consent. Two
persons younger than 18 years may not marry each
other. While no statistics were available, reports of
marriages involving a person younger than 18 years
were rare.