-This is the system that provides a

means for absorbing the excess

heat from the engine during its
operation to maintain its working
temperature.
1. The temperature of the burning gases in the
engine cylinder reaches up to 1500 to 2000°C,
which is above the melting point of the material of
the cylinder body and head of the engine.
Therefore, if the heat is not dissipated, it would
result in the failure of the cylinder material.
2. Higher temperatures also lower the volumetric
efficiency of the engine.
2. Due to very high temperatures, the film of
the lubricating oil will get oxidized, thus
producing carbon deposits on the surface. This
will result in piston seizure.
3. Due to overheating, large temperature
differences may lead to a distortion of the
engine components due to the thermal
stresses set up. This makes it necessary for,
the temperature variation to be kept to a
minimum.
1. it removes excess heat from the engine
2. it maintains the engine operating
temperature where it works most
efficiently
3. it brings the engine up to the right
operating temperature as quickly as
possible
1.Indirect cooling system
2.Direct cooling system
- Uses water as the coolant
1. It takes away the excessive heat
generated in the engine and saves
it from over heating.
2. It keeps the engine at working
temperature for efficient and
economical working.
1. Radiator- serves as the storage of
water or water tank
1. Gilled tube radiator- This is perhaps the
oldest type of radiator, although it is still in
use. In this, water flows inside the tubes.
Each tube has a large number of annular
rings or fins pressed firmly over its outside
surface.
1. Tubular radiator- The only difference between
a gilled tubes radiator and a tubular one is that
in this case there are no separate fins for
individual tubes. The radiator vertical tubes
pass through thin fine copper sheets which run
horizontally.
2. Honey comb or cellular radiator- The cellular
radiator consists of a large number of
individual air cells which are surrounded by
water. In this, the clogging of any passage
affects only a small parts of the cooling surface.
- It connects the radiator to the water pump at the
lower end and the radiator to the engine water
elbow outlet
- It is attached to the front part of the engine that acts as a
centrifugal pump to force the circulation of water from the
radiator to engine water engine jackets.
- It is attached to the water pump pulley and draws
air in through the radiator and helps cool off the
engine during operation
- It is used to regulate the temperature of
the engine
1. Bellow type valve: Flexible bellows are filled
with alcohol or ether. When the bellows is
heated, the liquid vaporises, creating enough
pressure to expand the bellows. When the unit
is cooled, the gas condenses. The pressure
reduces and the bellows collapse to close the
valve.
2. Bimetallic type valve- This consists of a
bimetallic strip. The unequal expansion of two
metallic strips causes the valve to open and
allows the water to flow in the radiator.
3. Pellet type valve- A copper impregnated wax
pellet expands when heated and contracts when
cooled. The pellet is connected to the valve
through a piston, such that on expansion of the
pellet, it opens the valve. A coil spring closes
the valve when the pellet contracts.
- Located at the drivers compartment to
register the temperature of the engine
- Air is the cooling agent which directly
removes excessive heat from the engine
through air fans and air ducts
1. Loss of liquids coolant due to leaks
- The liquid coolant may leak from the cooling
system. The External leaks can be noted by
inspection, as the coolant comes out from the
system.
The internal leak may allow some coolant to drain
into the engine oil and are caused by a faulty head
gasket, loose cylinder head, cracked or wrapped
head or cracked engine block.
2. Overheating
- Overheating are one of the main cooling
system problems. It is caused by the
insufficient quantity of water in the cooling
system, coolant loss.
3. Overcooling
- An engine is said to be overcooled if it is
running below the normal operating range.
This problem generally appears in the winter
because the heater does not
work. Overcooling is caused by a thermostat
that opens too soon or remains open at all
times.
4. Incorrect Temperature Gauge
Reading
- The temperature indicator or gauge
fitted on the instrument panel may be
faulty to give the incorrect reading.
5. Noise
- Noises in the cooling system may occur
due to the dry bearing, a loose pulley on
the pump shaft, an impeller loose on the
shaft, or two much end plat in the shaft.
6. Frozen Coolant
- The water may freeze in the cooling
system, especially when the car is parked
where the temperature is below the
freezing point. This fails the cooling
system completely and may cause serious
breakage of any part of the system.
1. Uniform cooling of cylinder, cylinder head and
valves
2. Specific fuel consumption of engine improves by
using water cooling system.
3. If we employ water cooling system, then engine
need not be provided at the front end of moving
vehicle
4. Engine is less noisy as it has water for damping
noise
1. It depends upon the supply of water.
2. The water pump which circulates water absorbs
considerable power.
3. If the water cooling system fails then it will result
in severe damage of engine
4. The water cooling system is costlier as it has more
number of parts. Also it requires more
maintenance and care for its parts.
1. No need of radiator, cooling jackets, coolants and
pumps.
2. The engine can be operated in cold climate where
liquid may freeze.
3. In place were water is scarce, air cooled engine is an
advantage.
4. Less weight and low cost.
5. Air cooled engine have no coolant leakage or freezing
problem
1. Large amount of power is used to drive
the cooling fan
2. Engine gives lower power output
3. Cooling fins under certain conditions
may vibrate and amplify the noise level
4. Cooling is not uniform.