Optimize Student's Development Through

The Implementation of Perspective-Taking

Skills Development Program

Dr. Eko Darminto, M.Si.

ekodarminto@unesa. ac.id
Presented on
1st Semarang State University International Conference on
Counseling and Educational Psychology (SICCEP)
Date: 18-19th October 2016
Venue : Hotel Patrajasa, Pancawati Ballroom Semarang, Indonesia
 The Goal of Guidance and Counseling

Personal

Social
School Optimize
Guidance & Student’s
Counseling Development Academic

Career
 The Goal & Program Component of GC

Personal

Social
School Optimize
Guidance & Student’s
Counseling Development Academic

Basic Service Career

Individual
Planning
Responsive
Service

System Support
Using Perspective Taking as a strategy of GC to Foster
Student’s Development
Personal

Optimize Social
School
Guidance & Student’s
Counseling Development Academic

Career

Group &
Basic Service
Classical Group
Program of
Individual Perspective
Planning taking Skills
development
Responsive
Counseling
Service

System Support
 Why we need to optimize student’s
development?
• As we all know that our education we are currently attempting to
solve some problems related to malladaptif behaviour of students.
• Among the negatif behavior that seen is a tendency to impose
the will protrude through the violences as well as the effort to
reach achievement in a irresponsible, such as cheating, stealing,
plagiarizing, and violence.
• That problems related student’s behavior indicates that the
student don’t develop optimally and its have a direct implications
for developing guidance programs that more effective to prevent
negative behavior and to encourage success of the students.
– Failure in satisfyng will be the cause of various deviant
behavior of the students.
• School guidance and counseling as a part of
educational system certainly have a responsibility to
solve that problems, especially to helping students
being success in their learning and live.
• That problems related student don’t develop optimally
have a direct implications for developing guidance
programs that more effective to prevent negative
behavior and to encourage success of the students.
 Why PT is selected as a alternatif?

• Perspective taking ability, has long been recognized by

psychologists and educators as a fundamental aspect of
social competence in human interaction.
• Individuals with high perspective taking ability not only
succeeded in establishing social relationship but also in
meeting personal and others needs.
• Many studies have proved that perspective taking ability is
positively correlated with ability of conflict resolution,
psychological healthy, prosocial behavior, organizational
behavior, individual development, academic performance,
and negatively correlation with various kind of psychosocial
problems especially agression or violence.
 Assumption
• People do not have the exact same thoughts and feelings about
everything. They have different ideas and opinions based on their
experiences in life.
• When we are willing and able to see things from another’s
perspective, we can learn things we didn’t know before, and we
can deal effectively with them
• Social interaction plays an important role in influencing the
success of an individual to meet his needs
• For success in life, school, and development it is important for
students to be able to interact with others in satisfy manner.
• To success in the interaction or relationship with others,
individual have to able to take another person’s perspective.
 What is Perspective-Taking?
• Perspective-taking, also known as “SPT“ or “role-taking,” represents both
cognitive and affective dimensions that allow an individual to empathize with another
while maintaining individuality (Galinsky et al., 2005).
• Simple defiition:
– The process by which an individual views a situation from another's point-of-
view (Wikipedia)
– The ability to see things from the viewpoint of others, or see the reality from the
eyes of others [Galinsky, 10],
– The ability to understand and incorporate the perspective of yourself alone with
another person's perspective [Chadwick & Ralston, 3],
• Complette Definition:
– Stemming largely from the social psychology literature, SPT reflects the ability
to take another person’s point of view and accurately infer the thoughts and
feelings of others (Gehlbach, 2004; Johnson, 1975; Selman, 1980; Underwood &
Moore, 1982).
– An understanding of other people’s mental states” (their thoughts, feelings,
desires, motivations, intentions). People use this information to make sense of
other people’s behavior, predict what people may do or say next, and to think
about one’s own social behavior and adjust it accordingly (Kezuma, 2008)
• Based on theory and the results of researchs on
construct of perspective taking,
– can be formulated a hypothesis : that developing perspective
taking skills among students will enable them success in
developing social interaction with others and meet the
personal, social, academic, and career needs.
• Additionally, in the current, effort to prevent violence
and improve student’s academic performance is
becoming a neccessity felt by many parties.
• The Hypothesis:
Students
achieve the
optimal
development

• Positive socilal behavior

• Success in developing
social interaction with
others
• Success in in various of
life, i.e: personal, social,
academic, and career.
• Success in meet
development needs

Student
with high
perspective-
Taking