UAV

BY
AMISH JINDAL
PUNJAB ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHANDIGARH

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WHAT IS AN UAV?
• Full Form – “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle”
• Doesn’t have any onboard human pilot
• Missiles are not considered as UAVs.
• MAV is a class of UAVs, basically differentiated based on weight and size.

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CONTENT

• Introduction
• Hardware
• Control System
• PID controller
• UAV v/s Manned AV

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WHY UAVs?

• Surveillance
• Missions too dangerous for human
• Civilian and Commercial activities like:
• Recreational activities
• Agriculture
• Aerial Photography
• Logistics
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CLASSES OF UAVs
Based on Function: Based on Size:
• Target and decoy • Very small UAVs
• Reconnaissance  Micro or Nano UAVs
• Combat • Small UAVs
• Logistics  Mini UAVs
• Research and development • Medium UAVs
• Civil and commercial UAV • Large UAVs

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TYPES OF UAVs

• Flapping Wing
Cheerson CX-10
• Fixed Wing
• Rotorcraft

Delfly Explorer Global Hawk

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ROTORCRAFT UAVs

Advantages:
• VTOL
• Hovering Capabilities
• Highly Manoeuvrable
Disadvantages:
• Less Efficient
• Difficult to fly
• Low Range

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HARDWARE

Rotorcraft UAVs generally consist of:

• Body
• Motors
• ESCs
• Flight Controller/Microcontroller

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BODY
A Rotorcraft UAV can be of many configurations:-

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MOTORS

Motors are the rotatory part on which the propeller is attached to create
lift.
Types:
• Brushless Motor
• Brushed Motor

Brushless Motor Brushed DC motor Brushed DC motor

(core inside) (coreless)

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 ESCs
ESC (Electronic Speed Controller) has the function of controlling the
motors. These are generally used in brushless motors.

Working of ESC and Brushless motor

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FLIGHT CONTROLLER

• Brain of the UAV

• Controls all the hardware on the UAV/UAV
• Programmable

Arduino Raspberry Pi PIXHAWK

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WHAT IS GOING INSIDE A
MICRO-CONTROLLER?

A loop – A code is developed and that code is executed multiple times

Change the control signal according to the Error received
The control algorithm can be of mainly 3 types:-
• P,I,D
• PI P – Proportional
I- Integral
• PID D- Derivative

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PID CONTROLLER

• Full Form – Proportional Integral Derivative

• This type of controller tries to minimize the error by three functions:-
• Proportional function
• Integral function
• Derivative function

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 EFFECT OF GAINS

A B

Effect of Changing Gains

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UAVs V/S MANNED AVs

• UAVs cannot completely replace Human - piloted aircrafts

• UAVs are efficient for some specific missions
• UAVs can perform missions too dangerous for humans
• UAVs can perform long duration reconnaissance

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 THANK YOU
QUESTIONS?

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REFERENCES
• https://www.powershow.com/viewht/5ad27d-
MzI3Z/PID_CONTROLLERS_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
• en.wikipedia.org
• https://www.slideshare.net/AbhishekMehta29/pid-controllers-52702591
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322622173_International_Jo
urnal_of_Informative_Futuristic_Research
• https://www.elprocus.com/the-working-of-a-pid-controller/
• http://www.helipal.com/storm-bm7020-coreless-motor-brush.html
• http://www.jayconsystems.com/brushed-dc-motor-130-size-6v-11-
5krpm-800ma-stall.html
• http://fortune.com/2016/10/07/nasa-drone-hurricane-matthew/

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