WELCOME TO THE

SUMMER 2019
RYAN M. SUMALDE
WELCOME to
VALUES
EDUCATION
Course Outline:
Chapter 1:
ESSENCE AND NATURE OF VALUES
• Essence of Values
• Phenomenological of Moral Values
• Characteristics of Moral Values
• Metaphysics of Moral Values
• Knowledge of Values
• World of Values
• Phenomenological Givenness in Intentional
Feeling
• Emotional Axiology: Graded Realm of Values
 Chapter 2:
Essence and Nature of Values Education

• Power of Education
• Education vs. Society vs. Values
• Nature of Values Education and Moral
Education
• Importance of Values Education in Real
life
 Chapter 3:
The Value of Values Education

• Man as a Value Carrier

• What is Value?
• Value Criteria
• Essential Characteristics of Value
Experience
• Essence of Values Education
 Chapter 4:
Studies on Values, Values Orientation
and Moral Education Program

• Values Clarification Theory

• Values Clarification Process
• Becoming Aware of Values
• Acquisition of Values
• Relationship between Values and
Attitudes: Attitudes and Behaviors
 Chapter 5:
Philosophy and Filipino Values

• Nature of Truth as Static

• Nature of Truth as Dynamic
• Happy Balance
• Philosophy and Filipino Value
 Chapter 6:
Philosophy of Life and Individual Qualities
• Human Life on Earth
• Aims of Value Education
• Purpose of Virtuous Life
• Definition of Human Value
• Type of Value and its Nature
• Tips to Change your Anxiety Forever
 Chapter 7:
Values Education: Social Values (Individual vs.
Social Welfare)
• Duties of Man
• Role of a Man
- With understanding and honor
- Role of a Father
- Responsibility to Teach
- Not provoking wrath
- Providing for the Family
• Roles Specific to Men
- Application for Singles and Widowers
- Honor and Responsibility
 Chapter 8:
Mind Culture and Trending Personnel Health

• Personality
• Interest
• Meditation
• Spiritual Values
• Harmony
• Truthfulness
• Self-giving
• Faith
 Chapter 9:
Ethics and Positive Roles of Code of Ethics

- What is Ethics?
- Positive Roles of Code of Ethics
- Limitation of Codes
- Code of Ethics of the Teachers
 Introduction:
Why do we study
VALUES
EDUCATION?
 Chapter 1:
The Essence
and Nature of
Values
What is Values?
 What is VALUES?
• The word “values” comes from the Latin
word “Valere” which means to measure
the worth of something.
• Values are the elements of life prevailing
in any society. They lie at the core of
man’s life.
• They shape and determine an
individual’s or group’s decision to like or
dislike, favor or disfavor, change or not to
change.
• The knowledge of people’s values
including their orientation and
preferences will guide planners,
policy makers, and change
agents in the planning and
implementation of responsive
development programs.
• They evoke maximum affirmative
public responses.
Axiology – defined as the
philosophical science of
values. Its proponent is Max
Scheler (1874-1928).

“Acts reveal the person’s

values preferences.” - Scheler
• For Scheler, the order of values is
objective and independent. But the
peculiar ways wherein the values are
manifested by acts are relative to and
dependent on historical
circumstances.
• They are a priori- intentional objects
of feeling.
1. There are positive and negative
values.
2. Values create an atmosphere – a
sense of values.
3. Values are diverse
types.
4. Values transcend facts.
5. Values clamor for
existence or realization.
6. Man experiences a
certain order of values.
Phenomenology
of Moral
• A description of moral insights into a
moral experiences shows the following:
1. There is awareness of the difference
between right or wrong.
2. Moral experience cannot be reduced to
other human experiences.
3. There is a “must” quality. It is expected
and demanded that everyone be moral.
4. We experience an “ought” in doing and
avoiding evil.
5. We are free to do good or evil.
• From the phenomenon of
dialogue, when we speak of and
judge others, we distinguish
between the hero and the villain in
the myth history. In everyday life,
we praise some and blame others.
We contrast the hero and the
rascal; the faithful and the
unfaithful ones.
 Characteristics of Moral
Values
• A value becomes moral because it is recognized
as reasonable and freely chosen by a human
person.
• Moral values are pre-eminent over other human
values.
• Moral values are absolute; i.e., independent of
other values and preferred for their own sake.
• Moral values are universal and necessary for
everyone; i.e., friendship remains a value to all
even if the friend is a rascal.
• Moral values are obligatory; i.e., they ought to be
realized and cannot be postponed.
 The Metaphysics of Moral
Values
• In our experience the good appears as an
analogous concept according to the various
grades of beings; e.g., sunlight is good for the
grass; the grass is good for the cow; the cows
milk is good for the baby; that person is good
to me.
• the good as perfective of a subject is object of
desire (thing-to-person relation). The good as
perfect in itself is object of love (person-to-
person relation.)
• A good becomes a value of a person
if it is freely chosen. Hence, value is
not identical with the good but is an
added aspect of the good.
• Dynamism of the Good. It is the human
experience of value involves a
dynamic relationship between the
subject valuing and object valuing.
 Two-fold Tendencies
1.Natural tendency to the
good (will as object).
2.The moral choice of what is
reasonable (will as reason).
 Knowledge of Values
1. The value is immediately felt or
experienced before it is known and
explained. It can be experiential
knowledge and conceptual knowledge.
2. Source of moral ideal. From the
experience of what we are, we form
ideal of what we should become.

“Living the fullest human life possible.”

 The World of Values
A. Relation of Natural Values to Moral Values
1. Mediation of Reason – to choose moral values, is
to act according to right reason, is to be faithful
to one’s nature as a reasonable human person.
2. Subjective and Objective Relationship
On the part of the object, the good can be
known by rational knowledge.
On the part of the object, the good valued
can appeal to man’s natural inclination (will as
nature) or the good present itself as reasonable and
becomes a matter of moral choice.
3. Sanction and Merit. Nature
itself rewards moral virtue
and punishes immorality.
 B. Mixed and Intermediate Values
1. These are the values which are morally relevant
natural values which are potential for moral
values.
2. Moral education is required to habitually
subordinate lower to higher values and thus to
acquire a proper sense of values.
3. Mixed values are ambiguous in the sense that:
a. They can be a help or a hindrance to moral
values;
b. They are intermediate between infra-moral
values and religious values.
c. They can lead to a loss of proper sense of values.
 Hierarchy of Values
1. Religious Values
2. Moral Values
3. Infra-moral Values
- Economic values and values of well-
being
- Social and Aesthetic values
- Intellectual Values
- Personality Values
4. Infra-human values
- Biological Values and sensible values
Phenomenological
Givenness in
Intentional Feeling
1. A value is immediately felt in experience
before its object is known.
2. Values always exhibit a specific content.
Their content and the ordered ranks
(higher and lower values) among them
possess a priority of givenness in the order
of experience.
3. Values are either positive or evil. The
existence of value is itself a positive
value. The non-existence of a positive
value is a negative value.
Emotional Axiology:
The Graded Realm
of Values
1.The Values of Holiness
2.Spiritual Values
3.Vital Values
4.Sensible Values
1. Sensible Values – the series of
value at this lowest modality ranges
from the agreeable to
disagreeable. This modality
corresponds to sensible feeling with
its function of enjoyment and
suffering, and to the feeling-states of
sensible pleasure and pain.
2. Values of Life or Vital Values
the value of this modality
range from the noble to vulgar, or
also from the good to the bad.
Consecutive values of this
modality are those pertaining to
the general well-being.
3. Spiritual Values – reveals their peculiar
place as a modality by the evidence that
vital values ought to be sacrificed for them.
They are the given in spiritual feeling and
spiritual acts of preferring, love and hatred of
a human person.
1. The values of beautiful and ugly or the
whole realm of aesthetic values.
2. The values of right and wrong as the basis
of legislation.
3. The values of pure cognition of truth as it is
sought for in philosophy.
4. Value of Holiness – the value-
modality of the holy and unholy
appear only with objects
pertaining to the Absolute.
Consecutive values are those of
the things of value in cults,
sacraments, forms of worship, etc.
Law of Preference
• The order of these modes of
values is given in value-feeling
and here in acts of preferring
and placing-after.
• Preferring the value is by no
means a secondary act taking
place after the emotional
comprehension of a value.
ORDER
• These are the intuitive evidences given in
acts of preference.
1. Values are higher the more they are
enduring in time.
2. The less they partake in extension and
divisibility.
3. They are higher the less they founded in
other values
4. The more they yield inner satisfaction.
 Characteristics:
1. A value is enduring when ability to exist
through time belongs to its essence.
2. Values are higher the less they are
divisible.
3. A value is higher the less it is dependent
on another value. A value of agreeable is
based in vital values.
4. A values is higher or deeper if it yields to
satisfaction or inner fulfillment as in the
peaceful possession of a thing of value
MORAL VALUES
• Moral values (good-evil) cannot
belong to the value qualities,
because they are of a different
level in that they realize all non-
moral values of the modalities by
way of moral acts.
• Moral act consists in the act of
preferring vital values to those of
pleasure, or spiritual values to those
of the vital value modality.
 Moral Ought and
the Ideal Models of
the Person
 Two Kinds of Oughtness
1.Ideal ought-to-be is that of
possible real being.
2.Moral ought-to-be consists
of realizing and willing.
 Personal Values
• Personal values are the highest values is
not only of ethic, but also an ontic
implication, because of the effectiveness
of ideal models of person belongs to the
essential human spirit and history.
• Ideal personal models exercise their
effectiveness in both the individual and
the group-soul most hidden and with
great intensity at the same time.
 Value of the Holy
• The value of the highest of all values. This follows
both from the ranks of value-modalities and the
sequence of ideal model persons.
• It is also clear that the highest good for Scheler
must be a personal good, and again that love is
the purest act of a person.
• Love, the value of holiness, and the sphere of
the person are intrinsically connected in
Schuler's philosophy and in always new
formulations he tried to demonstrate their
inseparability.
 Activity:
Direction:

Interpret the poem

“Desiderata”. Give what
personal, spiritual and
moral values have this
poem taken.