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Dr.

Raghuwar D Singh
Associate Professor

Prosthodontic Department
King George’s Medical University UP, Lucknow
Dental Materials:
 Properties of Dental Materials – Physical, Mechanical
 Biocompatibility
 Micro structure of metal alloys
 Impression materials
 Gypsum product
 Dental Resins – Denture base and Restorative Resin
 Dental Amalgam
 Dental Cements
 Direct filling Gold
 Dental casting alloys
 Finishing and polishing materials
 Dental Ceramics
Mechanical Properties of DM
 Mechanical Properties:
1. Stress
2. Strain

 Mechanical Properties based on elastic deformation:


1. Stress- Strain diagram/ curve
2. Modulus of elasticity
3. Poisson’s ratio
4. Flexibility
5. Resilience
 Strength Properties:
1. Proportional limit
2. Elastic limit
3. Yield strength
4. Diametral tensile strength
5. Flexural strength
6. Fatigue strength
7. Impact strength
 Other Mechanical properties:
1. Toughness
2. Fracture toughness
3. Brittleness
4. Ductility and Malleablility
5. Hardness
STRESS

 Force per unit area; Stress= Force/Area

 It is normally defined in terms of mechanical stress, which


is the force divided by the perpendicular cross sectional
area over which the force is applied.
 Stress: Internal resistance to applied external force.
Types of stresses:
Types of stresses....

 Axial
Compressive Stress-

Tensile Stress-
....Types of stresses

 Non Axial

 Shear – Tends to resist the sliding of


one portion of a body over another.

 Torsion

 Bending
 Flexural Stress: Bending forces
STRAIN

 Strain: change in length per unit original length when


stress is applied;

= Length / Original length

 Strain(ε)= Deformation/Original length


 Elastic Strain

 Plastic Strain
Mechanical Propertied based on
Elastic deformation

1. Stress- Strain diagram/ curve


2. Modulus of elasticity
3. Poisson’s ratio
4. Flexibility
5. Resilience
Stress-Strain curve

C D
B
A
Stress (Pa)

Toughness

Strain
Stress (Pa)
A
B

Strain
ELASTIC MODULUS

 Is a measure of elasticity
B
of the material: how stiff A

the material is in the


elastic range.

Stress (Pa)
 Elastic modulus=
Stress/Strain
 The slope of the curve
Strain
...ELASTIC MODULUS
POISSON’S RATIO

 Ratio of lateral to axial


strain within the elastic
range.

 For an ideal isotropic


material of constant
volume the ratio is 0.5.

 Most material have


values of 0.3.
FLEXIBILITY
 Ability of a material to return to its original form
indicates its elasticity, but the strain taking place at
elastic limit is known as flixibility.

 Flexibility is bending capacity.

 It can be defined as the strain that occurs when the


material is stretched to its proportional limit.
RESILIENCE
 Defined as the amount of energy absorbed within a unit
volume of a structure when it is stressed to its
proportional limit.

 The property if often described as “springback potential.”


Resilience:
The resistance of a
A
material to permanent
deformation.

Stress (Pa)
Proportional limit
Elastic limit
Strain
STRENGTH PROPERTIES

1. Proportional limit
2. Elastic limit
3. Yield strength
4. Diametral tensile strength
5. Flexural strength
6. Fatigue strength
7. Impact strength
Strength properties:
 Strength is the stress that is necessary to cause fracture
or a specified amount of plastic deformation.
PROPORTIONAL LIMIT
 It is defined as the greatest stress that a material will
sustain without a deviation from the linear proportionality
of stress to strain.
ELASTIC LIMIT
 The maximum stress that a material will withstand
without permanent deformation.
YIELD STRENGTH

 Defined as the stress at which a material exhibits a


specified limiting deviation from proportionality of stress
to strain.

 It is the amount of stress required to produce a


predetermined amount of permanent strain usually 0.1%
or 0.2% which is called the Percent Offset.
 For brittle materials such as composites and ceramic –
Yield strength can not be measure.

 YS indicates a degree of permanent deformation (usually


0.2%)

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