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Major components
PLC communication
History of PLC
Devloped to replace relays in late 1960’s.
Plc was first design and developed by modicon as a relay replacer for
general motors
INTRODUCTION
What is PLC?
PLC is a continuously monitor the status of devices
connected as inputs. Based upon a user written
program ,stored in memory it control the status of
devices connected as output
A programmable logic controller (PLC) is an industrially
computer-based unit that performs discrete or
continuous control functions in a variety of processing
plant and factory environments.
What is PLC?
EUROPEAN
1. Siemens
2K&M
3. Festo
Selecting a PLC
Criteria
2. MEDIUM
It have up to 2048 I/O’s and memories up to 32 Kbytes.
3. LARGE
the most sophisticated units of the PLC family. They have up
to 8192 I/O’s and memories up to 750 Kbytes.
can control individual production processes or entire plant.
PLC SCAN CYCLE
PHASE 1
Read Inputs
Scan
PHASE 2
Program
Execution
PHASE 3
Diagnostics/
Comm
PHASE 4
Output
Scan
CYCLE TIME DEPENDS ON THE SIZE OF THE PROGRAMS,
NO. OF I/O’S AND AND AMOUNT OF COMMUNICATION
REQURIED
PC WITH APPROPRIATE
SOFTWARE
The software allows users to create ,edit and
store program
I M O M
N O U O
P D T D
U U PROCESSOR P U
T L U L
From E T E To
SENSORS OUTPUT
Solenoids,
contactors,
Pushbuttons, alarms
contacts, etc.
limit switches, PROGRAMMING
etc. DEVICE
Major components of PLC
1. Power supply :
The power supply converted line voltage commonly 120
or 240 volts AC
AC Voltage converted into commonly 24v To power on
the PLC and its components
2. I/O MODULES :
INPUTS MOTOR
CONTACTOR
LAMP
PLC
PUSHBUTTONS
OUTPUT MODULE
RAIL
PLC SCAN PROCESS
PLC SCAN PROCESS
PLC Communications
Serial Communications
RS 232
Definition
Turns a bit on or off
Use OTE instruction in
your ladder logic to turn
on a bit when rung
condition is evaluated
as true
EXAMPLE
Light
Motor run signal
Internal bits
Output Energize
TIMER
CTU - Count Up
CTD - Count Down
RES - Reset
CTU Count UP
Increments the accumulated value at
each false to true transition and retains
the accumulated value when the
instruction goes false or when power
cycle occurs.
The CTU is an instruction that counts
false to true transition. When this
transition happens the accumulated
value is incremented by one count.
A CTU accumulation is reset by the RES
instruction.
If the accumulation value is over the
maximum range then the overflow (OV)
bit will be true.
RES Reset
Resets the accumulated value and
status bit of a timer or counter.
Use a RES instruction to reset timers
or counters. When the RES
instruction is enabled, it resets the
Timer On Delay, Retentive Timer,
and Counter Up, Counter Down
instruction having the same address
as the RES instruction.
VARIOUSSYMBOL USED IN
LADDER LOGIC
Coils
60
BOXES
Food / Beverage
Metals
Power
Mining
Petrochemical / Chemical
74