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FRACTIONS!!!!
Adding Fractions
Subtracting Fractions
How do you ADD FRACTIONS?
First of all, you need a ½+¾
“common Cannot be added
denominator”. This together... Yet.
means the bottom
numbers of each
fraction must be the 2/4 + ¾
same. Can be added because
the denominators are
“common” (the same)
Test Time!!!!
ANSWER: 4
Learn to Borrow
Subtraction
Subtracting fractions begins exactly the
same way as adding fractions.
The first thing you have to do is figure out
if you CAN subtract them as they are.
If not, you will need to convert a
denominator so you can.
Test Time!!!
This should be a breeze.
Can these be subtracted?
1½-¾ NO
15/16 – 3/16 YES
3 5/8 – 1 ½ NO
5 2/4 – 3 ¼ YES
10 5/8 – 7 15/16 NO
3¼-1¼ YES
7 7/8 – 3 13/16 NO
How did you do?
Remember that all you need to know is if
they are able to be subtracted.
If not, we need to convert one of the
fractions.
Make a common
denominator
Let’s do one together
1½-¼
You can see that one of them needs to be
converted so you can subtract them.
What will the common denominator be?
ANSWER: 4
Step #1 Step #2
Identify the common Since ¼ already has a
denominator. denominator of 4 you
1½-¼ don’t need to change
ANSWER: 4 it.
But ½ needs to be
converted to 4’ths.
Step #2 (continued)
How do you convert ½ into 4ths?
(what number) x 2 = 4?
ANSWER: 2
Now, multiply both the numerator (top
number) and the denominator (bottom
number) by 2.
1x2=2
2x2=4
Step #3
So now ½ has been converted to 2/4.
Now we have: 1 2/4 – ¼
Go ahead and subtract ONLY the
numerators. What did you get?
ANSWER: 1 ¼
Go again
Did you get the right answer?
SO: 4 x 1 = 4
4 x 4 = 16
Oops! What’s this?
The problem now Normally you would
reads like this: now subtract. The
problem is that 4 – 15
would be a negative
3 4/16 – 15/16 number. We can’t
have that!
THUS, BORROWING
IS NEEDED!
Borrowing
In this problem:
3 4/16 – 15/16
Borrowing is having to increase the value
or amount of 4/16 so that it’s bigger than
15/16.
In other words, we need to make 4/16
bigger so that we CAN subtract.
Here’s how to do it
3 4/16 needs to be changed somehow.
We’re going to take 1 whole number from the 3
and add it to 4/16.
Would you agree that:
2 + 1 4/16 = 3 4/16?
NOW COMES THE TRICKY PART.
The tricky part
2 + 1 4/16 needs to We can write 1 as:
be changed a bit 2/2 = 1
before we can 3/3 = 1
subtract from it. 4/4 = 1
Lets take 1 4/16 and And so forth up to:
“fix” it. 16\16 = 1
Because 16 is the SO NOW:
common denominator
16 + 4 = 20
we need to write 1 in
16ths. 16 16 16
Recap
3 ¼ -15/16 =
3 4/16 – 15/16 =
(2 +1 + 4/16) – 15/16 =
(2 + 16/16 + 4/16) – 15/16 =
(2 + 20/16) – 15/16 =
All of these expressions are equal to each
other.
Let’s pause and try a
couple problems.
Ready for an easy
test?
What fraction would you turn 1 into
to complete the problem?
1 + 3/16 16/16
1 + 1/8 8/8
1 + 9/16 16/16
1+½ 2/2
1+¾ 4/4
1 + 5/8 8/8
Back to the problem
Now, instead of:
2 + 1 4/16 we have: 2 20/16
If we rewrite the problem now we have:
2 20/16 – 15/16
Now it’s just a simple subtraction problem!
Don’t forget
2 20/16 – 15/16
Remember that you only subtract the
numerator, not the denominator.
Borrowing
The End
Is your brain turned into
mush yet?