MICRO POWER

GENERATOR

PRESENTED BY

HASHMIN.K.M
ROLL NO : 09
S5$S6-EEE
 INTRODUCTION
• Batteries are lousy power sources.

• Micro power generators which are successfully

replacing conventional batteries offering
significantly higher energy storage densities.

• “It’s a miniature form of generator which can

develop power less than 30 mille watts”

• It is mainly used to deliver power to electronic

devices.
 MICRO POWER GENERATOR

• MICRO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

• PIEZOELECTRIC GENERATOR.
 1 MICRO INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINE
• Researches at the University of California created a
miniaturized power source that will last 7-14 times
longer than conventional primary batteries.

• This new “portable power generation system” will

be powered by a rotary (Wankel) internal
combustion engine.

• The motivation for the research is that a liquid

hydrocarbon fuel has about 50 times the energy
density (energy / weight) of a battery.
Micro IC Engine with Generator
• The engine uses liquid hydrocarbon fuels
(such as butane).

• The mini-engine has applications as a

distributed power source for electronic
devices when coupled with an electrical
generator.
 CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
The Micro I C Engine consists of,
1 Peanut shaped chamber.
2 Triangular rotor.
3 Shaft with gear arrangement.
4 Inlet for air & fuel.
5 Spark plug with electronic ignition system.
6 Outlet for exhaust.
 Mini -Rotary engine fabricated from steel

•In one revolution of the rotor, each of the three

chambers undergoes a complete four-stage cycle
 WORKING
• When ignited by an electric spark after compression a fuel
burns and the expansion this causes keeps the rotor moving.

• The rotor partitions the chamber into three sections where

combustion occurs. Hot gases produced by the engine push
on the rotor that turns a shaft.

• This shaft can be coupled to electrical or mechanical

components to generate either mechanical or electrical
work.

• The research work concentrates on the micro Wankel engine

powered by liquid CO2
• The engines are 5×15x3 mm in size and produce
11.2 watts at 50,000 rpm. very, very cool.

• This truly tiny engine will have similar proportions

as are used in the steel mini engine, but would use
about one-thousandth of an ounce of fuel for two
hours of operating time.

• The mini engine produces exhaust that contains

carbon dioxide and one and one half persons at rest
exhale water.
WORKING OF WANKEL ENGINE
 POWER OUTPUT

• The engines are 5×15x3 mm in size and produce

11.2 watts at 50,000 rpm.

• A micro wankel engine coupled with a micro

dynamo which would put the engine in the power
range for laptops.

• Researchers will be working on improving the

engine performance with the aim of producing the
30-60 Watts required to power a laptop.
M P G Vs BATTERY
 LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
• The dream is to have an engine on a chip, to get
about 30 mill watts of electrical power using this
techniques.
• The Berkeley team has managed so far an engine
900 micrometers thick with a rotor 2.4 millimetres
in diameter, fashioned using silicon micro
fabrication technology(SMF).
• micro-rotary engine fabricated from ceramic
materials, be a few millimeters in size, and produce
approximately 30 mille-Watts of power.
Fabrication of these micro-engines is underway
Typical MEMS fabrication of multiple engine housings
on a single wafer
• SPECIFICATIONS OF MICRO I C ENGINE:
- Rotor: 1 mm
- Max. RPM (est.): 40,000
- Power Output (est.): 26 mille watts
- Displacement: 0.064 mm3

• The exhaust from the mini-rotary engine would be

equivalent to the amount of CO2 exhaled by a
human.
2, PIEZO ELECTRIC GENERATOR
• Piezoelectric (PE) materials when mechanically
loaded induce an electric charge on opposite faces
the PE material sensors .
• Thus, vibrating, compressing or flexing a PE material
generates electricity.
• Here flexing method used.
 PIEZOGENERATOR ASSEMBLY
• A Piezo plate coated with silver ink is cut into
pieces.

• The stretching directions of the pieces of the piezo

plate are marked.

• The piezoelectric plates are fixed on a mica

substrate and one of the substrate is fixed on micro
IC engines shaft and another is fixed on base.

• Each piezoelectric disc are lined by charged barium

element in different angle.
Block diagram of piezoelectric generator coupled
with M I C E
 ENERGY CONVERSIONS
• When a piezoelectric element is mechanically
stressed it generates charge
SC=1/ST (SR-(D*E))
Where;
ST - strain
E - electric field
SR - mechanical stress
D - charge constant
SC - compliance of the piezoelectric
element in a constant electric field.
• The charge produced in the material when a
pressure is applied is given as:
Q = A* D
D - electric polarization given by P*d
A - area on which the pressure is applied.
P - pressure applied.
d - charge constant.

• The induced charge can be given as:

Q = A*P*d

• The total electric charge developed for ‘n’ number

of stacks is given as:
Q = A* P* d* n
• Stacked piezoelectric rings as a parallel plate capacitor the
output voltage generated can be expressed as:

V = A* d *P* n/ C stack

where C stack is the capacitance of the piezoelectric stack. So

the output voltage can then be expressed as:

V = A* d *P* n/ C stack

• The selection of the number of stacks depends on:

1) The minimum amount of energy needed to generate a

detectable output.
2) Maximum space available for the piezoelectric generator
within the subassembly.
 ADVANTAGE
• OUTPUT TO SIZE RATIO
Compare any other type of generator; piezo
generator is too small with high efficiency.
• SIMPLER CONSTRUCTION
They have no valves or complex valve trains since
the rotor is geared directly to the output shaft.
In case of piezo generator, there is no need for
windings & pole assembly.
FUEL EFFICIENCY
Absence of windings & core assembly in piezo
generator, the losses are negligible
 DISADVANTAGES

• More complicated fuel injection technologies are

required than for regular four-stroke engines.
• In terms of fuel economy, Wankel engines are
generally less efficient than four stroke piston
engines.
• The reason Wankel-cycle engines have higher fuel
consumption and emissions than Otto-cycle
engines.
• Chance for damage of micro power generator is
very high.
 APPLICATIONS
• Military equipment
• Laptops
• Medical equipment (in body arrangements)
• GPS devices
• Satellites
• Marine devices
 CONCLUSION

Researches have been developing micro power

generators, tiny standalone electricity
generators as possible replacement of
batteries .
As technology advance the scientists predicts
that we will get macro scale power from a
micro scale device.
 REFERENCES
• C B Williams & Yates, “Analysis of a Micro-
electric Generator for Microsystems,”
• P. Glynne-Jones, S.P. Beeby, N.M. White,
“Towards a piezo electric vibration powered
micro generator”
• Bryzek J,“Microelectronic Engineering”
• www.mems.wsu.edu/project_generator.pdf
• http://ieeeexpiore.ieee.org/xpl/recentcon.jsp
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wankle_engine
QUESTIONS
?
THANK
YOU