INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTING

Overview on Computing
Outline

Knowledge
What is Fields of Computing
Areas in
Computing? Discipline Domains
Computing
 What is Computing

• Computing refers to any goal-oriented activity

requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers

Source: Computing Curricula 2005 The Overview Report by ACM &

IEEE
 What is Computing
• Computing includes designing and building
hardware and software systems for a wide range of
purposes
 Processing, structuring, and managing various
kinds of information.
 Doing scientific studies using computers
 Making computer systems behave intelligently
 Creating and using communications and
entertainment media
 Finding and gathering information relevant to any
particular purpose and so on
 Fields of Disciplines

Computer Computer Software

Engineering Science Engineering

Information Information
System Technology

Source : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Computer Engineering (CE)
• Concerned design and construction of computers
and computer-based systems
• It involves the study of hardware, software,
communications, and the interaction among them
• Its curriculum focuses on the theories, principles,
and practices of traditional electrical engineering and
mathematics and applies them to the problems of
designing computer-based devices
• Study software development focusing for digital
devices and their interfaces with users and other
devices
Computer Science (CS)
• Developments in Robotics, computer vision,
intelligent systems, bioinformatics, and other areas
• Design and implement software: challenging
programming jobs
• CS researchers are working with scientists from
fields to make robots become practical and intelligent
aides, to use database to create new knowledge,
and to use computers to help decipher the secrets of
our DNA
• Computer science spans the range from theory
through programming
Information System (IS)
• Integrating information technology solutions and
business processes to meet the information needs of
business
• Understand both technical and organization factors
• Serve as an effective bridge between the technical and
management communities with an organization
• A majority of IS programs are located in business
schools
• All IS degrees combine business and computing
coursework
Information Technology(IT)

• IT is often used to refer to all of computing

• Prepare students to meet the computer technology
needs of business, government, healthcare, schools,
and other organizations.
• Possess the right combination of knowledge and
practical hands-on expertise to take care of both an
organization’s IT infrastructure and the people who use
it.
Software Engineering(SE)

• It is the discipline of developing and maintaining

software systems
• Integrate the principles of mathematics and computer
science with the engineering practices
• Learn more about software reliability and maintenance
and focus on techniques for developing and maintaining
software that is correct from its inception
 Algorithm
User Interface Computer
Design Theory

Cybersecurity Cryptography

Platform
Computing Distributed
Technologies Computing

Domains
Cloud
Neural Network
Computing

Machine
Computer Learning /
Vision Computational
Learning
Big Data

• These are specific, specialized discipline or field in computing.

Computing Domains
• Algorithms
 Algorithms are an explicitly described method for solving a
problem.

• Computer Theory
 is the branch of computer science concerned with finding out how
efficiently a given problem can be solved on a model computer
using a given algorithm.
Computing Domains
• Cryptography
 Cryptography is an ancient science concerned with secret
writing.
 In the modern context of computers, cryptography is the
science of encrypting data.

• Big Data
 It is the collection and analysis of large amounts of data. It is
usually associated with large Internet companies such as
Facebook and Google.
Computing Domains
• Distributed Computing
 Distributed computing is a means of breaking up a complex
problem, distributing the pieces to various computers across a
network (usually the Internet), and having them work on the
problem concurrently until the problem is solved.

• Platform Technologies
A Platform is a group of technologies that are used as a base
upon which other applications, processes, or technologies are
developed.
 Computing Domains
• Cloud Computing
 According to Dikaiakos et. Al [2009] and others, “Cloud
computing is a recent trend in IT that moves computing and data
away from desktop and portable PCs into large data centers”
 It refers to applications delivered as services over the Internet as
well as to the actual cloud infrastructure — namely, the hardware
and systems software in data centers that provide these services

Source: https://faculty.e-ce.uth.gr/dkatsar/papers/IEEE_IC09dkmpv.pdf
Computing Domains
• Computational Learning / Machine Learning
 Computational learning, more commonly referred to as
machine learning is a sub-field of artificial intelligence.
 It is dedicated to the design and development of algorithms
and techniques that allow computers to ‘learn’.

• Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks,
and programs from digital attacks.
Computing Domains
• Computer Vision
 Computer vision is the field of computer science in which the goal
is to process video or still images and produce from them a
representation of the world. This entails things such as
recognition of objects, gestures, and motion.

• User Interface Design

User Interface (UI) Design is the process of making interfaces in
software or computerized devices with a focus on looks or style
Computing Domains
 Neural Networks
• Neural networks are artificial intelligence agents that simulate
biological neuron structures to process inputs and produce
outputs. Neural networks are trained on inputs until they
recognize patterns and produce useful outputs.

 User Interface Design

User Interface (UI) Design is the process of making interfaces in
software or computerized devices with a focus on looks or style.
 Knowledge Area

• Implement Information system

Information
• Train Users to use Information Systems
System
• Maintain and Modify Information Systems

• Design a database mgt system

• Model and design a database
Information • Implement information retrieval software
Management • Select database products
(Database) • Configure Database products
• Manage databases
• Train and support database users
 Knowledge Area

Intelligent • Design auto reasoning system

System • Implement Intelligent System

• Design network configuration

• Select network components
• Install Computer Network
Networking and • Manage Computer Networks
communications • Implement Communication software
• Manage communication resources
• Implement mobile computing system
• Manage mobile computing resource
 Knowledge Area

• Develop corporate information plan

• Develop computer resource plan
IT resource
• Schedule/budget resource upgrade
planning
• Install / upgrade computers
• Install Upgrade Software
• Manage an organization’s presence
System • Configure & integrate e-commerce
Development software
through
Integration • Develop multimedia solutions
• Configure & integrate e-learning systems