Presented

by
N.Ansar
Definition of
values:
It denotes the degree of
importance of something or
action, with the aim of
determining what actions are
best to do or what way is best
to live.
According to Milton Rokeach a
noted psychologist
“Values are the basic convictions that
a specific mode of conduct or end
state of existence is personally or
socially preferable to an opposite or
converse mode of conduct or end
state of existence’’
Characteristics of
values
Values contain a judgmental element .
 Values carry individual or group ideas regarding
which is good or bad or preferable.
 Values are relatively permanent & resistant to
change.
 Values provide standards of competence &
morality
 Values are extremely practical.
 Values build up societies, integrate social relations.
 They influence people’s behavior and serves as
criteria for evaluating the actions of others.
Value system
 It’s a hierarchy based on the ranking
of an individual’s value in the terms
of their intensity.
 It means importance will be
assigned for the values such as
freedom, pleasure, self respect,
honesty, obedience and equality.
SIGNIFICANCE OF VALUES
 Values are the foundation for understanding the level
of motivation.
 It influences our perception, attitudes & behavior.
 It helps us to understand what ought to be or what
ought not to be.
 It contains of interpretations of right or wrong
 It plays a significant role in organizational behavior.
 It’s the basis for studying:
 Attitudes
 Perception
 Motivation
 Morale
 Formation of perceived notions
 Satisfaction & frustrations.
TYPES OF VALUES
Values which influence different areas
of behavior are classified into 2types.
They are:
1)Terminal values
2)Instrumental values
Terminal values: these are the values
referred by individuals to achieve in
their lifetime
Instrumental values: these values are
means of achieving terminal values
Value congruence
 It’s the situation where the values of
two units are similar. Normally
personal values of individual and
organizational vary.
Definition of attitudes
Attitudes are evaluative statements
either favorable or unfavorable _
concerning object, people or events.
They reflect how one feels about
something.
attitudes
 It’s a view point, a mind set or a way
of valuing life.
 Evaluative statements of objects,
people or events.
 A collection of feelings.
 Multiple experiences which leads to
beliefs.
 Values of life shape itself into a
world view called attitude.
Types of attitudes
1)Affective: It’s a emotional or feeling
segment.
2)Cognitive: It’s a opinion or belief
segment.
3)Behavior: It’s a intervention to
behave in a certain way towards
someone or something.
FUNCTIONS OF ATTITUDES
 The adjustment function
 The ego defensive function
 The value-expressive function
 The knowledge function