PRESENTED

PRESENTED BY
BY

ZEESHAN
ZEESHAN KHAN
KHAN
NOMAN
NOMAN HILAL
HILAL
JAMAL
JAMAL UD
UD DIN
DIN
SHAH
SHAH FAISAL
FAISAL
ADMIXTURES
 Admixtures
Admixtures
 Definition:-
Definition:-
 Chemical admixtures are the ingredients in concrete
Chemical admixtures are the ingredients in concrete
other
other than
than portland
portland cement,
cement, water,
water, and
and aggregate
aggregate
that
that are
are added
added to to the
the mix
mix immediately
immediately before
before or or
during
during mixing.
mixing.
Introduction:
Introduction:
 Also called ‘Supplementary Cementing Materials’
Also called ‘Supplementary Cementing Materials’
 Used when special performance is needed: Increase in
Used when special performance is needed: Increase in
strength,
strength, reduction
reduction in in water
waterdemand,
demand, impermeability,
impermeability,
low
low heat
heat of
of hydration,
hydration, improved
improved durability,
durability, correcting
correcting
deficiencies
deficiencies in
in aggregate
aggregate gradation
gradation (as
(as fillers),
fillers), etc.
etc.
 Usage depends on supply and demand forces, as well as
Usage depends on supply and demand forces, as well as
the market potential and attitudes.
 Types
Types of
of mineral
mineral admixtures
admixtures

 Silica
Silica fume
fume
 Fly
Fly ash
ash
 Blast
Blast furnace
furnace slag
slag
 Volcanic
Volcanic ash
ash
 Rice
Rice husk
husk ash
ash
Definition
Definition
 Silica
Silica fume
fume isis aa mineral
mineral admixture
admixture produced
produced in in
electric
electric arc
arc furnaces
furnaces asas by
by product
product of
of the
the production
production
of
of elemental
elemental silicon
silicon or
oralloys
alloys containing
containing silicon.
silicon.
 Types
Types of
of silica
silica fume;
fume;
 There
There areare various
various types
types of
of silica
silica fume,
fume, e.g
e.g
 Condensed
Condensed silica
silica fume,
fume, micro
micro silica,
silica, silica
silica flour,
flour,
fume
fume silica
silica etc.
etc.
 Silica
Silica fume
fume isis by
by product
product ofof ferrosilicon
ferrosilicon industry.
industry.
The
The purity
purity ofof silica
silica fume
fume depends
depends on on ferrosilicon
ferrosilicon
alloy
alloy from
from which
which Si Si metal
metal isis being
being extracted.
extracted.
Process of silicon metal exraction
 States
States of
of silica
silica fume
fume
 Bulk
Bulk powder
powder
 Dry
Dry densified
densified silica
silica fume
fume
 Slurry
Slurry
Different forms of silica fume
Effect
Effect of
of silica
silica fume
fume on
on properties
properties of
of fresh
fresh
concrete
concrete
 Because
Because of of its
its high
high fineness,
fineness, thethe use
use of
of silica
silica
fume
fume causes
causes anan increase
increase in in the
the water
water demand
demand
of
of concrete.
concrete. Typically
Typically itit is
is always
always usedused inin
conjunction
conjunction with with aa superplasticizer.
superplasticizer.
 Silica
Silica fume
fume causes
causes the
the mix
mix to to be
be sticky
sticky and
and
cohesive.
cohesive.
 Bleeding
Bleeding is is reduced
reduced drastically.
drastically. In In fact,
fact, most
most
silica
silica fume
fume mixes
mixes dodo not
not show
show any
any bleeding.
bleeding.
 Fly
Fly ash
ash
 Fly
Flyash
ashisisaaby-product
by-productobtained
obtainedduring
duringthe
the
combustion
combustionof ofcoal
coalin
inthermal
thermalpower
powerplants.
plants.
 fly
flyash
ashisisthe
thespherical
sphericalform
formofofthe
theparticles,
particles,which
whichcan
can
improve
improvethetheconcrete
concreteflowability.
flowability.

Types
Types of
of fly
fly ash
ash (ASTM
(ASTM classification)
classification)
 Type
TypeC:C:This
Thisis
isalso
alsocalled
calledHigh
HighCalcium
Calciumfly
flyash,
ash,
and
andpossesses
possessesboth
bothcementitious
cementitiousand
andpozzolanic
pozzolanic
properties.
properties.
 Type
TypeF:F:This
Thisis
isalso
alsocalled
calledLow
LowCalcium
Calciumfly
flyash,
ash,
and
andis
isaanormally
normallypozzolanic
pozzolanicmaterial.
material.
Structure of fly ash
 Effect
Effect on
on fresh
fresh concrete
concrete properties
properties

 The
The setting
setting time
time is
is increased
increased whenwhen flyfly ash
ash is
is used.
used.
 Workability
Workability and and flow
flow of of concrete
concrete are are increased
increased
due
due to
to the
the spherical
sphericalshape
shape of of the
the fly
flyash
ash particles,
particles,
which
which lends
lends aa ball-bearing
ball-bearing type type effect
effect onon the
the
concrete
concrete mixture.
mixture.
 Bleeding
Bleeding andand segregation
segregationare are usually
usually reduced
reduced for
for
well-proportioned
well-proportionedfly fly ash
ashconcrete.
concrete.
 The
The paste
paste volume
volume is is increased
increased whenwhenmassmass
replacement
replacement of of cement
cement by by fly
fly ash
ash is
is done
done
 Blast
Blastfurnace
furnaceslag
slag

Blast
Blast furnace
furnace slag
slag is
is aa by-product
by-product of
of the
the
extraction
extraction of
of iron
iron from
from iron
iron ore
ore

 Slag
Slag cement,
cement, also
also called
called ground
ground granulated
granulated
blast-furnace
blast-furnace slag
slag or
or slag,
slag, is
is aa by-product
by-product of
of
the
the steel
steel industry
industry
 BLAST
BLAST FURNACE
FURNACE SLAG
SLAG
 Blast
Blast furance
furance slag
slag is
is used
used to
to make
make durable
durable
concrete
concrete structures
structures in
in combination
combination with
with
ordinarly
ordinarly portlant
portlant cement
cement ..

 Slag
Slag cement
cement will
will tend
tend to
to delay
delay the
the time
time of
of initial
initial
set,
set, which
which is
is often
often aa benefit
benefit inin warm
warm weather.
weather.
 BLAST FURNACE SLAG
AA by-product
by-product of of steel
steel production
production is is used
used to
to
partially
partially replace
replace Portland
Portland cement
cement (by
(by up
up to
to
50%
50% byby mass).
mass). It
It has
has latent
latent hydraulic
hydraulic
properties
properties
 it is durable and shows more strength.
it is durable and shows more strength.
 it can increase the life of the structure more
it can increase the life of the structure more
than
than 50%.
50%.
 Slag cement can also reduce thermal stress in
Slag cement can also reduce thermal stress in
mass
mass concrete
concrete through
through lower
lower heat
heat generation
generation
BLAST
BLAST FURNACE
FURNACE SLAG
SLAG
 Effects
Effects on
on fresh
fresh and
and hardened
hardened concrete
concrete

 Apart
Apart from
from delaying
delaying the
the initial
initial set,
set, slag
slag does
does
not
not significantly
significantly alter
alter the
the fresh
fresh concrete
concrete
properties.
properties. The
The workability
workability of of slag
slag concrete
concrete is
is
similar
similar to
to an
an equivalent
equivalent PCPC concrete,
concrete,
primarily
primarily because
because slag
slag possesses
possesses thethe same
same
level
level of
of fineness
fineness as
as PC.
PC.

 The
The ultimate
ultimate strengths
strengths with
with slag
slag are
are generally
generally
improved;
improved; thethe durability
durability is
is also
also improved
improved
with
with the
the replacement
replacement of
of cement
cement by by slag.
slag.
 Effects
Effects on
on fresh
fresh and
and hardened
hardened concrete
concrete

 Slag
Slag is
is the
the ideal
ideal admixture
admixture forfor marine
marine
concrete,
concrete, asas slag
slag concrete
concrete shows
shows excellent
excellent
resistance
resistance to to chemical
chemical attack
attack and
and corrosion.
corrosion.
 The
The rate
rate ofof strength
strength gain
gain is
is slowed
slowed down
down
considerably
considerably when when cement
cement is is replaced
replaced by
by
slag.
slag. The
The delay
delay increases
increases with
with increasing
increasing
replacement.
replacement.
 Rice
Rice husk
husk ash
ash (RHA)
(RHA)

 Rice
Rice husk
husk ash
ash is
is obtained
obtained by
by
burning
burning rice
rice husk.
husk.
 Highly
Highly pozzolanic
pozzolanic
characteristic.
characteristic.
 The
The properties
properties are
are greatly
greatly
affected
affected by
by the
the burning
burning
 conditions.
conditions. The
The large
large amount
amount of
of
unburnt
unburnt carbon
carbon
 RICE
RICE HUSK
HUSK ASH
ASH
 the
the rice
rice husk
husk ash
ash become
become gray
gray
and
and white
white
 the
the color
color of
of rice
rice husk
husk ash
ash is
is
black,
black, whereas,
whereas, the
the burning
burning isis
done
done under
under enough
enough air
air supply
supply
condition
condition
 due
due to
to the
the incomplete
incomplete
combustion
combustion exist
exist and
and make
make
 Rice
Rice husk
husk ash
ash (RHA)
(RHA)

 The
The white
white ricerice husk
husk ash
ash has
has better
better quality
quality
compared
compared to to the
the black
black rice
rice husk
husk ash
ash due
due to
to the
the
existence
existence ofof carbon
carbon affecting
affecting adversely
adversely onon the
the
reactivity.
reactivity.
 RHA
RHA isis aa fine
fine material,
material, with
with particle
particle sizes
sizes less
less
than
than 45 µm, and a surface area of 60000 m /kg.
45 µm, and a surface area of 60000 m 22
/kg.
 RICE
RICE HUSK
HUSK ASH
ASH

 Volcanic
Volcanic ash
ash
Volcanic
Volcanic Ash
Ash is
is defined
defined as
as very
very small
small
solid
solid particles
particles ejected
ejected from
from aa volcano
volcano
during
during an
an eruption
eruption
Volcanic
Volcanic ash
ash is
is natural
natural pozzolanic
pozzolanic
admixture
admixture
 Volcanic
Volcanic ash
ash is
is of
of solid
solid rocks
rocks and
and violent
violent
separation
separation of
of magma
magma (molten
(molten rock)
rock) into
into tiny
tiny
pieces.
pieces.
 created
created during
during explosive
explosive eruptions
eruptions by
by the
the
shattering
shattering
USES
USES
 Volcanic
Volcanic ash
ash isis used
used in
in cement
cement toto resist
resist
disintegration
disintegration by by sea
sea water.
water.
 They
They decrease
decrease thethe reaction
reaction of
of siliceous
siliceous
aggregate
aggregate with
with alkalis
alkalis in
in Portland
Portland cement.
cement.
 Resists
Resists cracking
cracking andand decreases
decreases in in strength
strength
due
due to
to rise
rise in
in tempreture.
tempreture.
 The
The amount
amount of of VA
VA should
should not
not be
be
increased
increased inin concrete
concrete above
above 5%.
5%.
VOLCANIC ASH
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
 Volcanic
Volcanic ash
ash has
has aa mojor
mojor part
part as
as silica,
silica, the
the
amount
amount of of which
which depends
depends upon
upon the
the typr
typr ofof
eruption
eruption and
and composition
composition ofof magma.
magma.
 Also it contains other minor components such
Also it contains other minor components such
as
as
 OXYGEN
OXYGEN
 SOME METALS
SOME METALS
and
and other
other gases
gases such
such as
as CO2,SO2,CO,H2S,H2
CO2,SO2,CO,H2S,H2 etc etc
are
are adsorbed
adsorbed to to stop
stop them
them from
from getting
getting into
into the
the
enviroment.
enviroment.
THANK YOU