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Gunpowder was invented in 9th-century China and consists of a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. It was originally used for medicinal purposes but began being used for warfare around 1000 AD. Gunpowder generates enough pressure behind a projectile to force it out of the gun barrel at high speed, making it useful as a propellant for firearms, artillery, rockets, and fireworks. Primers were later incorporated into cartridges containing the bullet, powder, and primer in a single package to simplify reloading of firearms.
Gunpowder was invented in 9th-century China and consists of a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. It was originally used for medicinal purposes but began being used for warfare around 1000 AD. Gunpowder generates enough pressure behind a projectile to force it out of the gun barrel at high speed, making it useful as a propellant for firearms, artillery, rockets, and fireworks. Primers were later incorporated into cartridges containing the bullet, powder, and primer in a single package to simplify reloading of firearms.
Gunpowder was invented in 9th-century China and consists of a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. It was originally used for medicinal purposes but began being used for warfare around 1000 AD. Gunpowder generates enough pressure behind a projectile to force it out of the gun barrel at high speed, making it useful as a propellant for firearms, artillery, rockets, and fireworks. Primers were later incorporated into cartridges containing the bullet, powder, and primer in a single package to simplify reloading of firearms.
century China and spread throughout most parts of Eurasia by the end of the 13th century. Originally developed by the Taoists for medicinal purposes, gunpowder was first used for warfare about 1000 AD.
Also known as black powder to
distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a mixture of sulfur (S), charcoal (C), and potassium nitrate (saltpeter, KNO3).
SULFUR CHARCO POTASSIUM
AL NITRATE PURPOSE:
• Ignition of gunpowder packed behind a projectile generates enough pressure to
force the shot from the muzzle at high speed, but usually not enough force to rupture the gun barrel. Gunpowder thus makes a good propellant, but is less suitable for shattering rock or fortifications with its low-yield explosive power. However, by transferring enough energy (from the burning gunpowder to the mass of the cannonball, and then from the cannonball to the opposing fortifications by way of the impacting ammunition) eventually a bombardier may wear down an opponent's fortified defenses.
• Gunpowder has been widely used as a propellant in firearms, artillery, rockets,
and fireworks, and as a blasting powder in quarrying, mining, and road building. PRIMER HISTORY: • Chemical primers, advanced metallurgy and manufacturing techniques all came together in the 19th century to create an entirely new class of firearm — the cartridge arm. Flintlock and caps lock shooters had long carried their ammunition in paper cartridges, which served to hold a measured charge of powder and a bullet in one convenient package; the paper also served to seal the bullet in the bore. Still, the source of ignition was handled separately from the cartridge. With the advent of chemical primers, it was not long before several systems were invented with many different ways of combining bullet, powder, and primer into a single package which could be loaded quickly from the breech of the firearm. This greatly streamlined the reloading procedure and paved the way for semi- and fully automatic firearms.
• Invented by Casimir Lefaucheaux in 1828 but not patented until 1835, it was one of the earliest practical designs of metallic cartridge. PURPOSE OF PRIMER:
• In firearms and artillery, the primer is the
chemical and/or device responsible for initiating the propellant combustion that will push the projectiles out of the gun barrel.