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HALF DUPLEX AND

FULL DUPLEX
ETHERNET
Half Duplex

• Support either transmission of reception of data frames


• No station can transmit and receive data frames simultaneously.
• Uses the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision detection(CSMA/CD)
type of multiple access protocol.
Full Duplex

• Supports the simultaneous transmission and reception of data frames in a


point-to-point connection method over separate paths without
interference.
• No collisions when two stations are communicating each other.
• No need for the CSMA/CD multiple access protocol.
BRIDGE AND SWITCHED
ETHERNET
BRIDGE ETHERNET

• Entire network is divided into two smaller segments with almost an equal
number of nodes.
• The divided segments will the be connected to each other via a bridge.
• Segmentation of the network and connecting the individual segments via a
bridge will increase the network length (acts like a repeater)
SWITCHED ETHERNET

• Divides the network, but it divides it into multiple segments.


• Each segments contain an end station and the switch
• Two types:
 Two-layer switch
 three-layer switch
Tw0-layer switch

• Operates at the physical and data link layer


• Functions as a high-speed bridge.
Three-Layer switch

• Operates at the network layer


• Functions like a high speed router
Transmission of frame packets in switched
Ethernet takes place as follows:
• The switch accepts transmission
• It reads the address of the destination that is written in the header of the
transmitted packet.
• It will find the location of the destination from the destination address table
• It will establish a temporary multiple crossover connection between the source and
the destination
• It will forward the frame packets to the designated destination and then terminate
the connection after communication is completed.
FAST ETHERNET

• Was developed to provide Ethernet with a higher data rate but retain
compatibility with the existing 10-Mbps Ethernet standard and existing
network installations.
• It is a 100 Mbps Ethernet standard(IEEE 802.3u)
• Adopted the point-to-point and the star network topology with a switch or
hub as central node of the network.
The 100Base-T2 Fast Ethernet

• It was developed to allow users of 10Base-T to upgrade their network from


10 Mbps to 100Mbps.
• Its transceiver transmits data over two pairs of UTP-3 cable.
• Uses the “dual duplex” baseband transmission od data
Specifications:

• Transmission rate: 100 Mbps


• Cable type: 100 ohms impedance ratingnUTP-3 cable
• Connector type: 8P8C (8 position 8-contact)
• Maximum segment length of cable: 100 meters
• Maximum number of transceiver per segment: 2
• Network topology: Start with point-to-point connection
• Encoding method: 4D-PAM5
The 100Base-T4 Ethernet

• Transmit over a four-pair UTP-3, UTP-4, or UTP-5 cable.


• Six of the eight wires are used for transmission and reception of data
• The remaining two wires are used for collision detection
• It uses the 8B6T encoding method that allows 8 bits of data to be encoded
in a 6-ternary signal transition over three twisted wires.
• It does not support a full duplex mode of operation.
Specification

• Transmission rate: 100 Mbps


• Cable type: 100 ohms impedance ratingnUTP-3, UTP-4, UTP-5 cable
• Connector type: 8P8C (8 position 8-contact)
• Maximum segment length of cable: 100 meters
• Maximum number of transceiver per segment: 2
• Network topology: Start with point-to-point connection
• Encoding method: 8B6T
The 100Base-TX Fast Ethernet

• Transmit data over two pairs of UTP-5 cable with one pair for transmission
and one pair for reception of data.
• MLT-3 encoding method is used.
• Supports the full-duplex mode of operation.
Specification

• Transmission rate: 100 Mbps


• Cable type: 100 ohms impedance rating UTP-5 cable
• Connector type: 8P8C (DB9 if he STP cable is used)
• Maximum segment length of cable: 100 meters
• Maximum number of transceiver per segment: 2
• Network topology: Start with point-to-point connection
• Encoding method: 4B/5B block coding(for synchronization ) and MLT-3 (for
encoding/decoding)
The 100Base-FX Fast Ethernet

• Transmit data over two multimode optical fiber cables, one for transmission
and one for reception.
• Used the full-duplex mode of operation
Specification

• Transmission rate: 100 Mbps(200 Mbps if full-duplex is employed)


• Cable type: Two multimode optical fiber cables
• Connector type: SC(recommended), ST, and MIC
• Maximum segment length of cable: 2 km(full-duplex) , 412 meters(half-duplex)
• Maximum number of transceiver per segment: 2
• Network topology: Start with point-to-point connection
• Encoding method: 4B/5B block coding(for synchronization ) and NRZ-I(for
encoding/decoding)
GIGABIT ETHERNET

• Increase the rate of the Fast Ethernet by 10 times ( from 100 Mbps to 1000
Mbps or 1 Gbps)
• Increasing the data rate comes with decreasing the length or slot time.
Thus, it has 512 micro seconds slot time which reduced the collision time.
• Uses the GBIC
The 1000Base-SX

• Uses short wave length(770 to 860nm) lasers as a source of its light signal.
• Transmit data over two multimode optical fiber cables.
Specification
• Transmission rate: 1000 Mbps(2000 Mbps if full-duplex is employed)
• Cable type: Two multimode optical fiber cables
• Signal Type: 770 to 860 nm light signal
• Connector type: Duplex SC
• Maximum segment length of cable: 316 meters(half-duplex), 550 meters(full
duplex)
• Maximum number of transceiver per segment: 2
• Network topology: Start with point-to-point connection
• Encoding 8B/10B block coding
• Minimum output power: 9.5 dBm
• Minimum receiver sensitivity: 17 dBm
The 1000Base-LX

• Uses long wavelength(1.27 to 1.355 micro meter) lasers as source for its light
signal.
Specification
• Transmission rate: 1000 Mbps(2000 Mbps if full-duplex is employed)
• Cable type: Typically two multimode optical fiber cables
• Signal Type: 1.27 to 1.355 micro meter light signal
• Maximum RMS spectrum width: 4 nm
• Connector type: Duplex SC
• Maximum segment length of cable: 500 meters(half-duplex), 5000 meters(full
duplex)
• Maximum number of transceiver per segment: 2
• Network topology: Start with point-to-point connection
• Encoding 8B/10B block coding
The 1000Base-CX

• Uses special balanced shielded twisted pair copper cable called the twinaxial
or short-haul copper
Specification

• Transmission rate: 1000 Mbps(2000 Mbps if full-duplex is employed)


• Cable type: shielded balanced twisted pair cable
• Connector type: DE-9(D-shaped, 9 pin connector)
• Maximum segment length of cable: 25 meters
• Maximum number of transceiver per segment: 2
• Network topology: Start with point-to-point connection
• Encoding 8B/10B block coding and NZR-I
The 1000Base-T

• Transmission goes through echo cancellation and a 4D-PAM5 encoding


method.
• Supports full-duplex
Specification

• Transmission rate: 1000 Mbps(2000 Mbps if full-duplex is employed)


• Cable type: Four pairs od category-5 or category 6 balanced copper cables
• Connector type: 8P8C
• Maximum segment length of cable: 100 meters
• Maximum number of transceiver per segment: 2
• Network topology: Start with point-to-point connection
• Encoding: 4D-PAM5
10GIGABIT ETHERNET

• Uses MAC protocol


• Lower data rates
• Transmit 10,000 Mbits(1 gigabit of data per second)
• Through a fiber optic or twisted pair copper cables.
10Mbps ETHERNET

• 10Base2
• 10Base5
• 10Base-T
• 1oBase-FL
FAST ETHERNET

• 100Base-T2
• 100Base-t4
• 100Base-TX
• 100Base-F
GIGABIT ETHERNET

• 1000Base-SX
• 100Base-LX
• 100Base-CX
• 100Base-T

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