Toxin of

Packaging

Styrene &
Polystyrene
Members of Group 3
MAGHFIROH OKTAFIANI ILFANDZAHINA
01 1633010001

CHRISTINE EMILIA HAYATI

15 1633010015

YASYFA AULIA
29 1633010029

WINDA ABDULLAH
31 1633010031

MARSA LATIFA ZUHDI

34 1633010034
Introduction
Styrene &
Polystyrene

3
Styrene monomer

“
 clear, oily liquid
with a slight
odor, colorless
liquid

What Is Styrene?
“cracked” or
Benzene ring
extracted from
compound
petroleum.

Used in food packaging,

Found naturally in
electronics, tire manufacturing,
fruits, such as
reinforced plastic
strawberries, peanut
manufacturing
Styrene monomer

Reaction
Styrene monomer
The key styrene derivatives include:

Styrene monomer is typically converted or ‘polymerised’

into pellets which can be heated, fused and moulded into
plastic components.
- polystyrene (PS)
- expandable polystyrene (EPS)
- acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
- styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
- unsaturated polyester resins
- styrene butadiene latices
 Styrene is

“
also
considered a
neurotoxin.

Styrene Is
Listed As A
Mutagen,
Flamable
And
Reactive.
Styrene is also
very toxic in high
levels, and is in
the fatty tissue of
every single one

Styrene Exposure
 Styrene Exposure
Exposure to Styrene at low levels for a short time can cause:
eye, nose and throat irritation.

Exposure to Styrene at higher levels for a short time can cause: dizziness,
lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, trouble concentrating, memory problems,
poor learning ability, brain damage, and death.

Exposure to Styrene over months and years can cause: trouble balancing, learning
impairments, fetal damage, decreased fertility in females, lung cancer, and shortened
lifespan.
Polystyrene
 Polystyrene is a plastic polymer made from the monomer styrene.

Po l y s t y r e n e (Styrofo a m ): St yr ene is a c a r c i n o g e n . Often

fo u n d in: Fo o d c o n t a i n e r s , Styrof o a m c u p s , plastic c u p s

Structurally, it is a long hydrocarbon chain, with a phenyl group

attached to every other carbon atom.

Polystyrene is produced by free radical vinyl polymerization, from

the monomer styrene

Polystyrene
 Plates.

Utensils
Styrofoam Uses: Food and
(unblown
polystyren)
Cups Beverage Containers

Here is a list of the different uses for

polystyrene products related to our food.
Clear
plastic cups
Egg
and boxes
cartons.
(un-blown
polystyren)

Take-out
boxes.
 How it’s made
￮ Formed from monomers of Styrene
￮ Polymerization initiated by heat or
catalysts
 Thermoplastic

This property
Melts to liquid colorless, hard, allows for PS to
when heated brittle plastic be molded and
extruded

Freezes to brittle
glassy state when
cooled
Properties
15
 Solid Foam
(Expanded
Polystyrene)

Types of Polystyrene Extruded

Foam
(Styrofoam)

Copolymers
(High Impact
Polystyrene)
 Styrene &
Polystyrene

Review Journal 17
Introduction
￮ Rigid PS and PS-related plastics, which are used as Purpose :
food packaging materials, have longer history of use Considering the
than poly vinyl chloride (PVC). Some of the physical importance of toxic
characteristics of PS, for example, its low impact effect of styrene and
strength and chemical resistance, have led to the its leachability in
development of other food grade plastics in which food materials and
styrene is co-polymerized with monomers like butadiene water from PS, the
and acrylonitrile to give it more flexibility. present studies
were conducted.

The fact that styrene can adversely effect humans in a

number of ways raises serious public health and safety
questions regarding its build-up in human tissue and
the root cause of this build-up.
18
 Operating
Sample
Analytical conditions for
collection and
techniques purge and trap
preservation
and GC/MS

Experimental
Reagents
method

Material & Methods 19

1
BOTTLE
WATER
Leaching Monomers
Existence In Water

Results show that

styrene was significantly high in all PS
bottled water.
All were found contaminated with
styrene, toluene,
ethyl benzene and benzene.

21
Correlation Between Storage
Time and Leaching Monomers

Correlation of results with packing date labeled on the bottle indicates that storage time
have significant effect on leaching of monomers. Results indicate that there is significant
increase of styrene with the passage of time. Increase in styrene and ethyl benzene was
almost in the same ratio. Concentration of styrene was almost three times higher than
WHO guide line values at the end of experimental period. There was no significant 22
increase in benzene and toluene concentration
2
STYROFOAMS
CUPS
Temperature Effect On leaching
Monomers

These results
indicate that temperature
plays a major role in the
leaching
of styrene and other
aromatic compounds.
24
Effect From Opened and Covered Cups
On Styrene Leaching

In hot water open cups styrene an

other compounds found less than in
closed cups

25
Effect of Different Material On
Leaching Monomers
Results show that (Table 5) on average in “A” the styrene
concentration (17.69 μg/L) was much higher than in “B”
(8.85 μg/L). The concentration of other three compounds
was also slightly higher in “A”. This may also be due to
manufacturing defect and polymerization efficiency of the
polymer.
From PS cups styrene monomers also migrated
in hot water. The concentration of all the identified
components was much less than in styrofoam. traces of
organic volatile compounds were not detected in both hot
and cold water. These results show that leaching capacity
of styrofoam cups is much higher than PS cups. In
Styrofoam cups styrene leached more than WHO
maximum allowable limit.
26
Conclusion :

• PS material should be avoided for food packaging.

Especially PS rigid and foam cups should not be used for
hot drinks.
• Paper cups are safe for hot drinks and have no threat as
from PS cups. It is also recommended that public
awareness program shall be launched to avoid
Styrofoam cups for hot drinks.

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THANK YOU

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