• Modern psychology developed from several

conflicting ideas including structuralism,

functionalism, Gestalt psychology,
behaviorism and psychoanalysis.
• Wilhelm Wundt (Voont)1832-1920
• Considered “founder” or “father” of psychology

• 1879 – created first formal lab for research in psych

• Located @ University of Leipzig
• He believed in structuralism
• Attempted to apply scientific principles to the study of human
mind

• Consciousness –the state of being aware of external events

,could be broken down into thoughts, experiences, emotions
and other basic elements

• Objective introspection- the process of objectively examining

and measuring ones own thoughts and mental activities.
Eg.rock

• Devoted to uncovering basic structures that make up mind and

thought
• Structure of human mind-every experience could be
broken down into his individual emotions and
sensations
• Introspect about things eg:blue
• Margaret F. Washburn first women PhD in
psychology (1894)
• Died out early 1900s
• Harvard university in America -1870s
• The first U.S. psychologist) believed that
psychology should look at function and not
just structure.
• Principles of psychology(1890)
• Importance of consciousness in every days
life
• Inspired by Darwin and wanted to know what
“function” consciousness served to us a species
• Functionalism: How the mind allows people to
function in the real world-how people work, play,
adapt their surroundings
• James thought that psychology should explain how
people adapted-or failed to adapt-to everyday life
outside the laboratory.
• James’ criticism of Wundt’s structuralism was that it
was boring and inaccurate because it was only done
in the laboratory.
• James wanted to see how people functioned in
everyday life, not just in contrived situations.
• Also he believed that mental process were not static.
He described them as a “stream of consciousness.”
• Investigate mental testing, patterns of development,
effectiveness of education, and behavioral
differences in sexes
• Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)
• Studied under James
• Was refused the Ph.D. she earned from Harvard
because she was female
• Founded labs at Wellesley College
• Invented widely used tech for studying memory
• 1st APA woman president (1905)
• 1900s John B Watson
• Focus on observable behavior-something that could be
directly seen or measured
• Based on pavlovs work-all behaviour is learned
• Phobia –underlying repressed conflict(Freud)
• Eg:little Albert-white rabit-scary noise(stimulus-response
–relation)
• Little peter –Mary cover jones-conditioning counter
conditioning)
Thank you…