Theories and Principles in Use and

Design of technology
 Edgar Dale Cone of Learning
(Cone of Experience)

• It is a model that incorporates several

theories related to instructional design and
learning processes.

• Edgar Dale theorized that learners retain

more information by what they “do” as
opposed to what is “heard”, “read” or
“observed”.
What is Dale’s cone of experiences?
 The cone of experience is a pictorial device use to
explain the interrelationships of the various types
of audio-visual media, as well as their individual
“positions” in the learning process.
 It is a visual model that is composed of eleven
(11) stages starting from concrete experiences at
the bottom of the cone then it becomes more
and more abstract as it reach the peak of the
cone.
Principles on the Cone of Experience
 The cone is based on the relationship of
various educational experiences to reality, and
the bottom level of the cone, “direct
purposeful experiences” represents reality or
the closest thing to real, everyday life.
 The opportunity for a learner to use a variety
or several senses (sight, smell, hearing,
touching, or movement) is considered in the
cone.
 Direct experience allows us to use all senses.
The
Direct Purposeful Experiences.
These are first hand experiences which serve as
the foundation of learning. In this level, more senses
are used in order to build up the knowledge. Also, in
this level, the learner learned by doing things by
him/herself.
The Contrived Experiences.
In this level, representative models and mock-ups
of reality are being used in order to provide an
experience that as close as reality. This level is very
practical and it makes learning experience more
accessible to the learner.
The Dramatized experiences
In this level, learners can participate in a
reconstructed experiences that could give them better
understanding of the event or of a concept.
The Demonstrations
It is a visualize explanation of important fact,
idea, or process through the use of pictures, drawings,
film and other types of media in order to facilitate clear
and effective learning.
The Study Trips
This level extends the learning experience
through excursions and visits on the different places
that are not available inside the classroom
The Exhibits
It is the combination of several mock ups and
models. Most of the time, exhibits are experiences that
is “for your eyes” only but some exhibits includes
sensory experiences which could be related to direct
purposeful experiences.
The television and motion pictures etc.
The Visual symbolic and Verbal symbolic
In the visual symbolic level, charts, maps, graphs,
and diagrams are used for abstract representations. On
the other hand, the verbal symbolic level does not
involve visual representation or clues to their meanings.
Dale’s cone of experience provides teaching and
learning models that allows teachers to
understand how to increase the retention rate of
learners by involving the learner. It guides the
instructors to adopt the right mode of learning
practices.
TPACK MODEL
T= Technological knowledge
P= Pedagogical knowledge
And
C= Content knowledge
K= Knowledge
 What is TPACK?
• It is a theory that was
developed to explain
the set of knowledge
that teachers need to
teach their students a
subject, teach
effectively, and use
technology.
Conclusion
 TPACK is a framework for teacher knowledge for
technology integration.
 Teachers must realize that classroom instruction is
the most effective when teaching and technology go
hand in hand.
 TPACK develops over time, with important
experiences where the teachers are challenged to
focus on pedagogy, content and the technology
happening at the same time rather than separately.

References:http://www.vkmaheshwari.com/WP/?p=2332&fbclid=IwAR3EVyR7CcJhxpvOjD6LsHfLTE1twmZgITi5BUZP7IZzzAftC2tbJln5SNk
https://www.slideshare.net/zulfiquer732/edgar-cone-of-learning-edgar-cone-of-
experience?fbclid=IwAR3j8Qgo9nKzLrzS7XtwqzG3ruBwgHBeN1uZLK2pPKPG3ttpWFIr-diCUxU
https://www.slideshare.net/samanthaquintero54/tpack-model?fbclid=IwAR3A54-UCSiUZYlB8DCQot6VtRJSRSOBSzjqlKyl_6v-
FtOO4RO3MxIq6MI
Thankyou!
II-SED1
Balaga, Daniel
Camat, Ellen Joyce
Centeno, Roxan
Cruz, Ceazar
Hapita, Eldridge
Hiwatig, John Louis
Onte, John Paul