Energy Technologies

RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are
natural resources that can be
replenished in a short period
of time.

● Solar ● Geothermal
● Wind ● Biomass
● Water
SOLAR
The sun is probably the most
important source of renewable
energy available today.

Traditionally, the sun has

provided energy for practically
all living creatures on earth,
through the process of
photosynthesis, in which plants
absorb solar radiation and
convert it into stored energy
for growth and development.
GEOTHERMAL
Geothermal energy comes
from the Earth's crust and
originates from the
original formation of the
planet (20%) and from
radioactive decay of
minerals (80%). The
available energy from the
Earth's crust and
mantle is approximately
equal to that of incoming
solar energy.
WIND
Wind power is the
conversion of wind
energy into a useful
form of energy. Most
modern electrical
wind power is
generated by
converting the
rotation of turbine
blades into electrical
currents by means of
an electrical
generator.
 BIOMASS
Biomass is biological
material from living, or recently
living organisms, most often
referring to plants or plant-
derived materials. As
a renewable energy source,
biomass can either be used
directly, or indirectly—once or
converted into another type of
energy product such as biofuel.
The use of biomass helps to
sustain climate change, increase
energy efficiency, and decrease
greenhouse gas emission.
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

A nonrenewable resource is a natural

resource that cannot be re-made or
re-grown at a scale comparable to its
consumption.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear fission uses
uranium to create
energy.
Nuclear energy is a
nonrenewable
resource because once
the uranium is used, it
is gone!
 COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS
Coal, petroleum, and
natural gas are
considered
nonrenewable because
they can not be
replenished in a short
period of time. These
are called fossil fuels.
ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES

Compressed Natural Gas

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Biodiesel

Alcohol fuel Blends

Biotechnology,
Genetic Engineering
What Is Biotechnology?
 Using scientific methods with organisms to
produce new products or new forms of
organisms
 Any technique that uses living organisms
or substances from those organisms to
make or modify a product, to improve
plants or animals, or to develop
microorganisms for specific uses
What Is Biotechnology?
 GMO- genetically modified organisms.
 GEO- genetically enhanced organisms.
 With both, the natural genetic material of
the organism has been altered.
 Roots in bread making, wine brewing,
cheese and yogurt fermentation, and
classical plant and animal breeding
 What Is Biotechnology?
 Manipulation of genes is called genetic
engineering or recombinant DNA technology
 Genetic engineering involves taking one or
more genes from a location in one organism
and either
 Transferring them to another organism
 Putting them back into the original organism in
different combinations
Why Are Plants Genetically
Engineered?
 Resist pests
 Resist herbicides
 Improved product quality
 Pharmaceuticals
 Industrial products
What Is Cloning?
 Clone- new organism that has been
produced asexually from a single
parent
 Genotype is identical to parent
 Cells or tissues are cultured
What Is AI?
 Artificial insemination- the
transfer of collected semen to a
recipient female
 Semen is collected from males of
desired quality
 Semen is graded and stored
What Is AI?
 Female must be in estrus for
conception
 Hormone injections may be used
to synchronize estrus
 Semen is placed in the cervix near
the horns of the uterus
What Is a Test Tube Baby?
 In vitro fertilization- fertilization of
collected ova outside the reproductive
tract; Usually in a test tube
 Semen is collected from males of
desired quality
 Ova are removed from females
 Sperm and ova are placed in a petri dish
or test tube
What Is Gender Reversal?
 Gender reversal- changing the sex
of an animal
 Very young animals receive
hormone treatments
 Most common among selected fish
species
What Is Gender Preselection?
 Gender preselection- choosing the sex
of offspring
 Sperm sorted before conception
 Sperm sorted on basis of chromosome
differences
 X chromosomes produce female
offspring
 Y chromosomes produce male offspring
What Is Embryo Transfer?
 Embryo transfer- removing
fertilized ova (embryos) from
donor and implanting in a
recipient
 Surgical and nonsurgical methods
are used to remove and implant
 A quality donor female can
produce more offspring
What Is Multiple Ovulation?
 Multiple ovulation- promoting
increased release of ova during estrus
 Hormone injections administered prior
to estrus
 Used with embryo transfer
 AI may be used to fertilize ova
 After fertilization, embryos are
removed and placed in recipients
What Are Bioethics?
 Ethics- knowing right from wrong,
and then doing the right idea
 Bio- living organisms
 Bioethics- knowing right from wrong
with living organisms, and then doing
the right idea
Creating Bioethics Arguments
 Read this article from the school
website
http://www.oelwein.k12.ia.us/hs/Ag.H
ome/dwnld/Ethics.in.Biotech.pdf
 After you read this article prepare
ethical arguments with at least 5
Scientific and Factual claims to
support your Premise and Conclusion
Ethical Arguments
 Create an ethical argument for or
against the following topics
 Human Cloning
 Gender Reversal on Livestock
 Gender Reversal on Humans
 Genetic Engineering of Plants
 Genetic Engineering of Humans
Creating a Premise
 “Human cloning is immoral.”
 Now you must find Scientific and
Factual Claims to support your
Premise
 After you have at least 5 Claims, you
may conclude, “Therefore, human
cloning is immoral.”
 You do not have to be for or against
any of the topics, it’s your choice!
Agricultural Technologies
Medical Technologies
 Modern Surgery Using an
Operating Microscope
 The use of operating
microscopes for surgical
procedures has greatly assisted
surgeons with seemingly
impossible types of surgery
such as limb reattachment and
eye and ear surgery. Operating
microscopes are especially
useful when individual nerve
fibers and blood vessels must
be realigned for attachment or
repair.
Endoscopic Surgery
 An endoscope provides a
surgeon with an illuminated
and magnified view of internal
organs and body cavities
without making sizable
incisions. Endoscopes are
easily maneuverable to reach
inaccessible areas and they can
be equipped with a variety of
instruments, from knives to
lasers.
 Lithotripsy
 Lithotripsy uses high-
frequency sound waves to
destroy some kidney stones
and gallstones, conditions that
once required surgery.
Computerized Axial
Tomography (CAT) Scan
 A computerized axial
tomography (CAT) scan
produces a cross-sectional
image of a part of the body by
directing a narrow X-ray beam
through the body. A CAT scan
is a very accurate, painless,
diagnostic tool allowing
examination of the interior of
the body without invasive
procedures.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET),
 Positron Emission
Tomography (PET), in
nuclear medicine, technique
for imaging internal body
tissues.
 PET scans are particularly
useful for diagnosing brain
tumors and the effect of
strokes on the brain, along
with various mental illnesses.
MRI
 MRI is a diagnostic technique
that generates images of the
internal body. It specializes in
creating a thin-section image
of any part of the body—
especially the heart, veins,
arteries, brain and central
nervous system—from any
angle or direction.
Amniocentesis
 In amniocentesis, a medical
procedure generally performed
during the fourth month of
pregnancy, approximately one
ounce of the amniotic fluid
surrounding the fetus is drawn
off for study. The examination
of fetal cells contained in the
sample can provide valuable
information concerning
developmental abnormalities
of the fetus.
Ultrasound
 Ultrasound, or sound waves
with frequencies above
detection by the human ear, is
commonly used in obstetrics to
diagnose both the age and
health of the developing fetus.
Angiography
 Coronary angiography, the X-
ray examination of the heart
after the injection of a
radiopaque dye or contrast
medium, is used to detect the
presence and extent of
coronary disease. The main
coronary arteries appear as
yellow ribbons across the
heart.
Radiation
 A patient undergoes radiation
treatment for cancer of the
spine. In this procedure the
radioisotope cobalt 60 is used
as the source of gamma
radiation. A high dose of
gamma radiation is guided by
laser targeting to a localized
area of treatment.
Mammogram
 Mammography is a special X-
ray technique that is used to
visualize soft tissues of the
breast as a means for screening
women for breast cancer.
STEM CELL THERAPY-
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