UNIX

UNIX
Contents:
 Introduction to UNIX
 UNIX Architecture
 UNIX Command
 The vi editor
 UNIX Shell Scripting

Introduction:
 Unix is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating

system.
 Unix was originally developed in 1969 by a group of

AT&T employees.
 Solaris Unix, AIX, HP Unix and BSD are few flavors of

UNIX.
UNIX Architecture
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UNIX Architecture
UNIX Architecture consists of two parts:
• Shell
• Kernal
Shell: A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter.
Kernal: A Unix kernel is a computer program that manages input/output

requests from software and translates them into data processing
instructions for the central processing unit and other electronic components
of a computer.

UNIX Commands
 touch  wc
 ls  sort
 cat  uniq
 cp  cut
 mv  grep
 rm  head
 chmod  tail
 pwd  mkdir

 rmdir  find
 cd  man
 who am i  nohup
 date  ps
 df  kill
 du  sed

ls command
Syntax: ls <option>
 ls command list all the files and directories available in

current directory.

ls -l
 List all files and directories from current directory
in long format.

ls -a
 Display all files including hidden files from
current and parent directory.

ls -A
 Display all files including hidden files from
current directory.

ls [first letter(s) of file(s)]*
 Display all files/directories whose name
starts with any letter in pattern.

ls [!first letter(s) of file(s)]*
 Don’t display all files/directories whose name
starts with any letter in pattern.

ls –l -a
 Using multiple options at a time.

ls -la
 Using multiple options at a time.

touch
Syntax: touch <filename>
 touch command creates zero byte files.

cat
Syntax: cat <filename>
 cat command displays the content of a file.

cat
Syntax: cat <filename1> <filename2>
 cat command can displays the content of multiple files.

cat
Syntax: cat > <filename>
• Creates a file with new file name and open for editing.
• Use ctrl+d keys to exit edit mode
• Opens an existing file in overriding mode.
Syntax: cat >> <filename>
• Creates a file with new file name and open for editing.
• Use ctrl+d keys to exit edit mode
• Opens an existing file in appending mode.

cp
Syntax: cp <filename> <new filename>
 cp command copy data from one file to other.

mv
Syntax: mv <filename><new filename>
 mv command move data from one file to other, old file not
exits.
 Rename a old file to new file.

rm
Syntax: rm <option>
<filename>
 rm command remove files from current directory.
 rm command can’t remove directories.

wc
Syntax: wc <option>
<filename>
• wc command displays number of new lines, words and
Number of bytes from file.
Cont..
wc
Cont..
wc

wc –l <filename>

sort
Syntax: sort <filename>
 Sort command will sort the data in file based on first
column.
Cont..
uniq
Syntax: uniq <filename>
 uniq command remove the duplicates that are sequentially
present in a file.
Cont..
uniq
Cont..
uniq
Cont..
pwd
Syntax: pwd
 pwd command display current directory.

chmod
• chmod command changes the permissions
of a file.
Order of permissions in Unix:
Owner permissions: Actions the owner of the file can perform on the file.
Group permissions: A member of the group that a file belongs to, can perform
on the file.
Other permissions: What action all other users can perform on the file.
Permission Values:
1 - Execute
2 - Write
4 - Read

chmod
Syntax: chmod <permissions> <filename>

cut Syntax: cut <option> <filename>
 cut command to extract portion of text from

a file by selecting columns.

cut Syntax: cut<option> <filename>
 cut command to extract portion of text from
a file by selecting columns.

grep Syntax: grep <pattern> <file name>
• grep command search for a pattern

in a file and print.

head Syntax: head <option> <file name>
 head command displays top 10 lines of file.

tail Syntax: tail <option> <file name>
 tail command displays bottom 10 lines of file.

head & tail
Syntax: head <option> <file name>|tail <option>

mkdir
Syntax: mkdir <directory name>
 mkdir command is used to create directories.

rmdir
Syntax: rmdir <directory name>
 rmdir command is used to remove directories.

cd
Syntax: cd <directory name>
 cd command is used to move to other directories.

du
Syntax: du
 du command gives disk usage details.

du -h
Syntax: du -h
 du –h command gives disk usage details in

human understandable format.

df
Syntax: df
 df command gives space availability on disk.

df -h
Syntax: df -h
 df -h command gives space availability on disk in

human understandable language.

ps
Syntax: ps
 ps command gives all processes details that are

currently running.

ps -ef
Syntax: ps -ef
 ps –ef command gives all processes details that are

currently running along with user name.

kill
Syntax: kill <option> <process id>
 kill command kills the process running with given id.

date
Syntax: date
 date command displays current date.

sed
Syntax: sed <operation> filename
 sed stands for stream editor. sed command is used

to modify data in files automatically.

sed

sed
• >sed 's/Informatica/Informatica9/2' file.txt
Replaces the second occurrence of the word.
• >sed 's/Informatica/Informatica9/g' file.txt
Replaces the second occurrence of the word.

awk
awk is a powerful tool available in UNIX to process
rows and columns.
Syntax:
awk 'BEGIN {start_action} {action} END {stop_action}' filename

Example to print first column

nohup
Syntax: nohup <options> &
• nohup stands for no hang up. nohup is used to run

the process even after logout from a shell.
• $ nohup sh custom-script.sh &
• $ nohup sh custom-script.sh > custom-out.log &

who am i
Syntax: who am i
• who am I gives the details of current user who is

logged into the UNIX machine.

man
Syntax: man <command name>
• man command displays the manual for given command.

find
Syntax: find
<location to search> <type to search> <value>
• find command displays the location of given file.

The vi editor
• Stands for Visual Editor.
• Modes of operation
- Command mode
- Insert mode
- The ex command mode

The vi editor

The vi editor

The vi editor

The vi editor - commands
ZZ – write buffer to file and quit
:wq - write buffer to file and quit
:q! – Quit the editor without saving changes to the file.
:q – Quit if the changes written to file.

Sample script
Following commands
Needs to be executed

Output

Name.sh
Output:

Defining variables
Variable name=variable value

Special variables
$0 - filename of the current script.
$nv - Arguments with which a script was invoked.($1,$2 and so on)
$# - Number of arguments supplied to a script
$* - All the arguments are double quoted.
$@ - All the arguments are individually double quoted.
$? - Exit status of the last command
$$ - Process number of the current shell
$! - Process number of the last background command

Relational operators
-eq - Equal to
-ne - Not equal to
-gt - Greater than
-lt - less than
-ge - Greater than or equal to
-le - Less than or equal to

If….else
if<condition>
<statement>
fi
if<condition>
<statement>
Else
<statement>
fi If<condition>
<statement>
elif<condition>
<statement>
Else
<statement>
fi
If….else
#!/bin/sh
a=10
b=20
if [ $a == $b ]
then
echo "a is equal to b"
fi
if [ $a != $b ]
then
echo "a is not equal to b"
fi
Some Syntaxes
• case...esac
• while command1;
do
Statement(s)
while command2;
do
Statement(s)
done
Statement(s)
done
pmcmd Syntax
#!/usr/bin/bash
pmcmd startworkflow
-sv $INT_SVC
-d $INFA_DOMAIN
-u $INFA_USERID
-p $INFA_PWD
-f $INFA_FOLDER
-w $WORKFLOW_NAME

UNIX

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UNIX

 UNIX Shell Scripting

 Unix is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating

 Unix was originally developed in 1969 by a group of

 Solaris Unix, AIX, HP Unix and BSD are few flavors of

SREE NIPUNA SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS 4

Shell: A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter.

Kernal: A Unix kernel is a computer program that manages input/output

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 ls command list all the files and directories available in

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 cat command displays the content of a file.

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 cat command can displays the content of multiple files.

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Syntax: cat >> <filename>

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 cp command copy data from one file to other.

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 pwd command display current directory.

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 cut command to extract portion of text from

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• grep command search for a pattern

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 tail command displays bottom 10 lines of file.

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 mkdir command is used to create directories.

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 rmdir command is used to remove directories.

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 cd command is used to move to other directories.

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 du command gives disk usage details.

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 du –h command gives disk usage details in

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 df command gives space availability on disk.

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 df -h command gives space availability on disk in

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 ps command gives all processes details that are

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 ps –ef command gives all processes details that are