GROUP 6

Moh. Syafi’i
Siti Mutmainah
Thitania Wahyu Permatasari
Viselly
Vivi Audia Rismala
Yustica
 Active and
Passive Verbs
 Active
When the subject of the sentence is doing something the verb is active.
E.g. The man wore a grey hat.
Subject – man verb – wore object – hat
 Passive
When the object of the sentence is having something done to it, the verb is
passive.
The grey hat was worn by the man.
Object – hat verb – worn subject – man
Active or Passive?
Which is this?

The girl fed the horse.

It is an active verb.
Active or Passive?
Which is this?

The pencil was held by the caterpillar.

It is passive verb.
Change this sentence to the passive
verb.
The girl and her dog sat in the window frame.

The window framed the girl and her dog

Change this sentence to the active
verb.
The ball was balanced on the seal’s nose.

The seal balanced the ball on his nose.

REMEMBER!!!
• A VERB IS ACTIVE WHEN
THE SUBJECT IS DOING IT.
• A VERB IS PASSIVE WHEN
THE OBJECT IS HAVING
SOMETHING DONE TO IT.
 Direct and
Indirect Speech
 Direct Speech
When the actual words of the speaker are reproduced, it’s called direct
speech
ex : He said, “I am going to school.”
 Direct Speech
 Quotation marks or “inverted commas” are used for direct speech.
ex : “I have cut my finger !” cried Mrs Sharma.
 Question marks and exclamation are used in direct speech.
ex : “Is it bleeding very much?” Mr Sharma asked.
 In reported speech, the reporting verbs like asked/enquired,
commanded/ordered/requested, advised/suggested, exclaimed/shouted,
etc aren’t used in place of the reporting verb “said” to convey the mood of
the spoken words.
ex : Ramesh said, “How hot the soup is ?”
“Stir it with your spoon” his sister said.
Direct Speech
 The tense in direct speech is in present tense.
ex : The boy said, “I brush my teeth every day”
The teacher said, “The Sun rises in the east.”
She said, “My son wants to be an actor”
 Indirect Speech
When the main idea of a speaker’s words is reported by another person and
the exact words are not quoted, it’s called indirect speech or reported speech.
ex : He said that he was going to school.
 Indirect Speech
 Quotation marks aren’t used for indirect or report speech.
ex : Mrs Sharma cried that she had cut her finger.
 Question marks and exclamination marks aren’t used in reported speech.
ex : Mr Sharma asked is if it was bleeding very much.
 In reported speech, the reporting verbs like asked/enquired,
commanded/ordered/requested, advised/suggested, exclaimed/shouted,
etc are often used in place of the reporting verb “said” to convey the mood
of the spoken words.
ex : Ramesh exclaimed, that the soup was hot.
His sister advised him to stir it with a spoon.
 Indirect Speech
 The tense of verb in reported speech is in the past tense.
ex : The boy said that he bruses his teeth every day.
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
She said that her son wants to be an actor.
 In an indirect or reported question, the subject comes before the verb, not
after it. You don’t use the helping verb “do” to form reported questions.
ex : Paul asked what time the bus came.
Sarah asked when the show began.
 Indirect Speech
 When the reporting a question, an order or a request, the connector “that”
isn’t used.
ex : The girl asked if she could come in.
The king ordered his subjects to pay their taxes.
 In reported speech, the word/words or the sound used by the speaker to
express an emotion is omitted.
ex : The girls exclaimed what a handsome man he was.
My greeted me and asked how I was.
Pronoun in Direct or Indirect Speech
 Pronouns of the first person :
 He said, “I am bored.” (direct)
 He said that he was bored. (indirect)
 Mira said, “We are going to the movies.” (direct)
 Mira said that they were going to the movies. (indirect)
 Rinki said, “My friends gave me a treat.” (direct)
 Rinky said that his friends gave him treat. (indirect)
Pronoun in Direct or Indirect Speech

 Pronouns of the second person :

 He said to her, “You are beautiful.” (direct)
 He said to her that she was beautiful. (indirect)
 “You must write neatly.” the teacher told her pupils. (direct)
 The teacher advised her pupils that they must write neatly. (indirect)
Pronoun in Direct or Indirect Speech
 Pronouns of the third person
 I said, “They have gone out.” (direct)
 I informed that they had gone out. (indirect)
 Leela said, “These books are theirs.” (direct)
 Leela said that those books were theirs. (indirect)
While converting direct speech into indirect speech, the tense of verb must
change accordingly :
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST
SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT
CAN COULD
SHALL SHOULD
WILL WOULD
MAY MIGHT
Words indicating “nearness” of time and place are changed to words
indicating “distance” of time and place :
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

THIS THAT

THESE THOSE

HERE THERE

NOW THEN

TODAY THAT DAY

TOMORROW THE NEXT / FOLLOWING DAY

YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE / THE PREVOUS DAY

 Exercises !!!
Change the following sentences from direct to indirect.
 “Congratulations! You have come first in the exams.” the principal said to
me.
The principal congratuled me I have came first in the exams.
 Mohit’s father said, “We must not watch TV while having our dinner.”
Mohit’s father said that they must not watch TV while having their dinner.
 “Ouch ! The bee stung me !” the child said.
The chid said that the bee stung him.
There are no secrets to
success. It is the result
of preparation, hard THANK
YOU
work, and learning
from failure.
Colin Powell