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AT-TAJWID
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
As-sifaat: are the attributes or characteristics of
letters.
There are two categories of Sifaat:
1. ات ََل ِز َمة
ٌ َ(صفattached
ِ attributes)
2. ضيَّةِ ع ْر ٌ َ صف
َ ات ِ (presented or occasional attributes)
There are also two types of Sifaat:
1. ضد ِ ات لَ َها
ٌ َ صفِ (Attributes that have opposites)
2. ض َّد لَ َها
ِ ات ََل
ٌ َ صف
ِ (Attributes that do not have opposites)
الصفَات AS-SIFAAT
ِّ
ِصفَاتٌ لَ َها ِضد
ْال َج ْهر)(Apparent ْال َه ْمس )(Whisper
َاوة)(Loose
الرخ َ
ِ الت َّ َوسط )(Moderate الش َدة )(Strong
ِ
ُخذُوا
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
ُ الت َّ ْف ِخي ُم َو الت َّ ْر ِقي:
3. ق
د ََر َجاتُ الت َّ ْف ِخي ُم: levels of Tafkheem
There are 7 levels of Tafkheem:
5. َ سا ِك ٌن بَ ْع َد
When the Tafkheem letter is Sakin and preceded by a Damma: ضم َ
يُ ْخ ِر ُجكُم
6. When the Tafkheem letter is Sakin and preceded by a Kasra: سا ِك ٌن َب ْع َد َك ْسر
َ
ِإ ْخ َرا ًجا
7. ٌ َم ْكس
When the Tafkheem letter has a Kasra: ور
ُِختَا ُمه
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
3. ُ الت َّ ْف ِخي ُم َو الت َّ ْرقِي:
ق
When is the letter Raa light?
The letter Raa has 5 conditions for it being heavy and 4 conditions for it being light as shown
and listed below:
conditions for رbeing light:
1. If the رhas a Kasra such as: ْحوا ُ فَ ِر
2. If رis Sakin and preceded by a Kasra with non of the 7 permanent Tafkheem letters
proceeding the ر. Such as: فِ ْردَوس
3. If the رis Sakin and is preceded by a يSakina. Such as: قَ ِدي ٌر
4. If the رis Sakin, the preceding letter is also Sakin and the letter before that has a Kasra.
Such as: ح ْر
ْ الس
ِ
However if the رis Sakin, the letter preceding it is also Sakin and the letter before that has
a Kasra, but the letter before the رis one of the 7 permenant Tafkheem letters (Ist’la’ letters)
then you have too options. You can make it light or heavy but its preferred to make it heavy.
ْ ِ ق,ص ْر
Example: ط ْر ْ ِم
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
ُ الت َّ ْف ِخي ُم َو الت َّ ْر ِقي:
3. ق
قُ الت َّ ْر ِقيAt-Tarqeeq: these are the letters that are small mouth and
require you to make your tongue thin when pronouncing them. They
are the remaining Arabic letters.
ءبتثجحدذزسشعفكمنهوي
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
4. س ِتفَا ُل ِ س ِت ْع ََل ُء
ْ واإل ْ اإل:
ِ
ستِ ْع ََل ُء
ْ اإل
ِ Al-Isti’la’: is to elevate the back of the tongue when
pronouncing certain letters. There are 7 letters in this category as
shown below
ض ْغ ٍط ِق ْظ َّ ُخ
َ ص
س ِتفَال
ْ اإل
ِ Al-Istifaal: is to lower the back of the tongue when
pronouncing the remaining Arabic letters which are shown below:
ءابتثجحدذرزسشعفكلمنهوي
Note: every Isti’la’ letter is a Tafkheem letter but not every Tafkheem letter is
an Isti’la’ letter.
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
ُ اإل ْن ِفتَا
5. ح ُ اإل ْطبَا:
ِ ق َو ِ
ُ اإل ْطبَا
ق ِ Al-Itbaaq: is the closure between parts of the tongue and the
upper palate of the mouth when pronouncing 4 letters:
صضطظ
ُ اإل ْن ِفتَا
ح ِ Al-Infitaah: is to have an opening between the tongue and the
upper palate of the mouth when pronouncing the remaining letters of
Arabic which are shown below
ءابتثجحخدذرزسشعغفقكلمنهوي
Note: every Itbaaq letter is an Isti’la’ letter as well as a Tafkheem letter.
However not every Isti’la’ or Tafkheem letter is an Itbaaq letter.
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
ِصفَاتٌ ََل ِض َّد لَ َها
Whistle ص ِفير
َّ ال
Gentle/soft اللينِ
Drifting اإل ْن ِح َراف ِ
Repetition التِ ْك َرار/الت َّ ْك ِرير
Spreading التَّفَ ِشي
Extension طالَة ِْ
َ ِاإل ْست
Nasalization ْالغنَّة
Bounce ْالقَ ْلقَلَة
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
1. ير
ُ ص ِف
َّ ال:
ير
ُ ص ِف
َّ الAs-Safeer: this is a sharp whistle sound that is similar to a
birds sound. 3 letters must come with Safeer:
س ص ز
ُ الل:
2. ين ِ
ُ الل
ين ِ Al-Leen: this is the soft and gentle pronunciation of the
following letters if they come Sakin and preceded by a Fatha:
و ي
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
ُ اإل ْن ِح َر:
3. اف ِ
ُ اإل ْن ِح َر
اف ِ Al-Inhiraaf: this is the drifting of the sound of the letter from its
original Makhraj to a Makhraj of another letter. The letter لwill drift
from its original Makhraj towards the Makhraj of the نwhich is the tip
and the رwill drift from its original Makhraj towards the Makhraj of the
ل.
ر ل
ُ الت ْك َر/
4. ار ِ ير ُ الت َّ ْك ِر:
ُ الت َّ ْك ِرAt-Takreer: this is the repetition of the letter رwhen
ُ التِ ْك َر/ير
ار
pronouncing it. This is the only Sifa (attribute) that is taught in order for
us to avoid doing, because failing to avoid the repetition means there
will be more than one letter ر.
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
ِ َالتَّف:
5. شي
شيِ َ التَّفAt-Tafashi: this is to spread the air in the mouth when
saying the letter شuntil its sound reaches the exit of the mouth.
6. ُطالَة
َ ِست ِْ
ْ اإل:
ُستِ َطالَة ِ ْ Al-Istitala: this is the extension of the Makhraj of the
ْ اإل
letter ضwhen pronouncing it all the way until it reaches the
Makhraj of the letter ل.
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
7. ُا ْلغُنَّة:
ُ ا ْلغُنَّةAl-Ghunna: this is the nasal sound that comes from the
Khayshoom (Nasal passage) when pronouncing the نor مor in
certain rules. There are 5 levels of Ghunna that are listed below
(from the most to least Ghunna):
A. When the نor مhave a shadda ّ.
B. In idghaam Bi-Ghunna Naqis (when the next letter doesn’t have
a Shadda).
C. In Ikhfa’, Ikhfa’ Shafawi and Iqlab.
D. When the نor مcome with a Sukoon.
E. When the نor مcome with a Harakah (voweled).
AS-SIFAAT الصفَات
ِّ
8. ُا ْلقَ ْلقَلَة:
Al-Qalqala: this is when we bounce on certain letters if they come Sakin. There
are 5 letters of Qalqala as shown below:
ُ قُ ْط
ب َجد
There are 3 different levels of Qalqala:
A. القَ ْلقَلَة الص ْغ َرى:
ْ this is known as Minor Qalqala (Qalqala Sughra). It is a light
bounce one of the Qalqala letters if they come in the middle of a word or at
the end of a word but without stopping.
لَ ْم يَ ِل ْد َو لَ ْم يُول ْد/َح ْب ٌل
B. طىَ القَ ْلقَلَة ْالو ْس:
ْ this is known as known as Moderate Qalqala (Qalqala Wusta).
It is a moderate bounce on one of the Qalqala letters if they come Sakin at
the end of a word and you stop.
يُولَ ْد/س ْب
َ َك
C. القَ ْلقَلَة ْالكب َْرى:
ْ this is known as Major Qalqala (Qalqala Kubra). It is a heavy
bounce on one of the Qalqala letters when they come at the end of a word
with a Shadda and you stop.
َّ َ ت/ا ْل َح ُّق
ب