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Documente Cultură
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Two different things
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Gender refers to the cultural and social definition of
feminine and masculine, it bears no relevance to the
biological sex.
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For example, although men are on average
larger than women, body size is in fact
influenced by diet and physical activity, which
in turn is maybe influenced by culture, class
and race.
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Gender arrangements are common and familiar
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Gender construction starts with assignment to a
sex category at birth.
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Legitimated by religion, law, science and the
society’s entire set of values.
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Economy is much more than producing food and
goods and distributing them to eaters and users
(no one eats money or credit)
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Similarly, gender cannot be equated to
biological and physiological differences
between human males and females
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Sex is a determination made through the
application of socially agreed upon biological
criteria for classifying persons as females or
males.
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Bradley Channing (US Army)- I want to live as a
woman
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Gender is the activity. It is the activities of
managing situated conduct in light of
normative conceptions of attitudes and
activities appropriate for one's sex category –
mostly understood as male or female.
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We ALL "do gender" everyday... the way you do
your hair, the clothes you wear, whether or not
you shave and where you shave, the scented
products you put on, the way you walk and carry
yourself, the way you talk, even the way you're
sitting right now are all part of how your
communicate your gender to others.
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Re-conceptualization of gender as not so much a
‘set of traits’
residing with individuals, but as something people do in their
social interactions
Gender performance
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No essential femaleness or maleness, femininity or masculinity,
womanhood or manhood
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Major way of organising social life
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As a social institution, gender is a process of
creating distinguishable social statuses for
the assignment of rights and responsibilities
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Masculine Feminine
Public Private
Outside Inside
Visible Secluded
Work Home
Paid Unpaid
Work Leisure
Production Reproduction
Production Consumption
Strong Weak
Independence Dependence
Power Lack of power
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Society demands that genders be perceived differently
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Belief in categorical difference, which is
binary and also hierarchical, constructs
women as inferior to men and the attributes
of femininity as less highly valued than those
of masculinity.
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Unequal statuses of male and females
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It is produced and maintained by identifiable
social processes and built into the general
social structure and individual identities
deliberately and purposefully.
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Argues that the construction and significance
of sexual differentiation is:
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Wishes to dismantle the structures that
reinforce the inferiority of women and to
mount a challenge to the very definition and
constraints of femininity as conventionally
understood.
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Masculinity which is culturally ascendant
Six packs?
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The ‘political unconscious’ of science
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