UNIT 4

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS
 Issues in Environment
• Population Explosion – New Jobs to be created
• Education Level – Knowledgeable Customer
• Leisure Time – Increasing par time jobs
• Changes in Technology
 Organization
• Group of people who working for the
accomplishment of a common end.
• Components
– People- Individual or Group
– Environment – Government ,Competition and
Social Pressure
– Technology – Computer Hardware and Software
– Organizational Behavior and Structure
1. Tall Organizational Structure
2. Flat Organizational Structure
3. Virtual Organizational Structure
4. Boundary less Organizational Structure
• Large, complex organizations often require a
taller hierarchy.
• In its simplest form, a tall structure results in one
long chain of command similar to the military.
• As an organization grows, the number of
management levels increases and the structure
grows taller. In a tall structure, managers form
many ranks and each has a small area of control.
• Flat structures have fewer management levels,
with each level controlling a broad area or
group.
• Flat organizations focus on empowering
employees rather than following to the chain
of command.
• By encouraging autonomy and self-direction,
flat structures attempt to tap into employees’
creative talents and to solve problems by
collaboration.
• People who are virtually organized primarily
interact by electronic means.
• For example, many customer help desks link
customers and consultants together via
telephone or the Internet and problems may
be solved without ever bringing people
together face-to-face.
• A boundary less Organizational structure is a
contemporary approach in Organizational
design.
• It is an organization that is not defined by, or
limited to the horizontal, vertical or external
boundaries imposed by a pre-defined
structure.
• It’s highly flexible and responsive and draws
on talent wherever it’s found.
 Organizational Climate
• The concept of organizational climate was
formally introduced by the human relation in
the late 1940s.

• Quality of the internal Environment experienced by

the members
 Factors affecting OC
• Hierarchy
• Goals of Organization
• Technological State
• Financial Recourse
 Improving OC
• Removal Unnecessary elements from the
workplace
– Removing unwanted papers and maintaining
records
• Rewards equity
• Prepare workers to accept change
 10 Organizational Climate Survey
Questions
• Do you always receive the information that is needed to do your
job?
• Do you believe that you will have career growth opportunities in
this company?
• Are you encouraged to contribute to the improvement of work
processes?
• Are you always learning new things in your job?
• Does clarification and guidance from your superiors regarding your
tasks help to carry out your work?
• Do your superiors help you to figure out how to learn and train?
• Does the company provide training opportunities for everyone?
• Do you have a career outlook that motivates you to work for this
company?
• Does the organization’s environment facilitate the relationship
between employees?
• Are your colleagues always willing to help each another?
 Leader
• Leadership is the one of the most important
function of management.
– Empathy
– Consistency
– Honesty
– Direction
– Communication
– Needs support from all
 Different Types of Leadership Styles

• 1. Autocratic Leadership
– In this leadership the leader holds all authority
and responsibility. EX: Bill Gates
• 2. Democratic Leadership
– Subordinates are involved in making decisions:
Ex: Steve Jobs
• 3. . Free rein or Laissez-faire Leadership
– Laissez-faire leadership gives authority to
employees