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AC Power Analysis
Chapter Objectives:
Know the difference between instantaneous power and average
power
Learn the AC version of maximum power transfer theorem
Learn about the concepts of effective or Rms value
Learn about the complex power, apparent power and power factor
Understand the principle of conservation of AC power
Learn about power factor correction
Huseyin Bilgekul
Eeng224 Circuit Theory II
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Eastern Mediterranean University EENG 224 ‹#›
Power Factor Correction
The design of any power transmission system is very sensitive to the magnitude of
the current in the lines as determined by the applied loads.
Increased currents result in increased power losses (by a squared factor since P =
I2R) in the transmission lines due to the resistance of the lines.
Heavier currents also require larger conductors, increasing the amount of copper
needed for the system, and they require increased generating capacities by the utility
company.
Since the line voltage of a transmission system is fixed, the apparent power is
directly related to the current level.
In turn, the smaller the net apparent power, the smaller the current drawn from the
supply. Minimum current is therefore drawn from a supply when S = P and QT = 0.
The process of introducing reactive elements to bring the power factor closer to
unity is called power-factor correction. Since most loads are inductive, the process
normally involves introducing elements with capacitive terminal characteristics
having the sole purpose of improving the power factor.
Original Inductive Load Inductive Load with improved power factor correction
Qc = Q1 – Q2
= P (tan θ1 - tan θ2)
= ωCVrms2
Q1 = S1 sin θ1
= P tan θ1
Qc P (tan θ1 tan θ 2 )
C
ωVrms
2
ω Vrms
2
P = S1 cos θ1 Q2 = P tan θ2
EENG 224 ‹#›
Power Factor Correction
The process of increasing the power factor without altering the voltage or current to
the original load is called power factor correction.
Power factor correction is necessary for economic reasons.
Vrms 2
L
QL
EENG 224 ‹#›
Power
Factor
Correction