Airport Design and Planning Chapter :

AIRPORT LAYOUT
RC18-4703
Ir. Ervina Ahyudanari, ME, PhD
Email: ervinaa.ariatedja@gmail.com
Mobile: +6281330607601
OUTLINE
• Airport parts and function
• Physical Characteristics
• Aircraft Characteristics
Airport parts and function
Component of
the airport system
Typical Layout
 1. Airport Layout (simple)

Airside

Landside

Source: https://opendylan.org/books/dpg/design.html#objects-in-simple-airport
 2. Airport Layout (complex)

Source:
http://airportoperationsmanagement06.blogspot.com/2011_01_01_archive.html
3. Parts of Airport

Airside

Teminal

Airpot Access
3. Parts of Airport
3. Parts of Airport
 BARCELONA AIRPORT

South
Terminal Apron
enlargement

M
Third
Car Park5TA
Runway
Car Park TC
M
Control 0
Tower
Corporate
Aviation

Main
runway
extension

Maintenance Centre
Kansai Airport

KANSAI AIRPORT
ORLANDO
AIRPORT
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
Airside
Airside components

RUNWAY TAXIWAY APRON

RUNWAY

• The place for aircraft to

take off and landing
• The dimension depends
on the characteristics of
the biggest aircraft served
in the related airport
• The direction of the
runway depends on the
prevailing wind
TAXIWAY

• Taxiway facilitates aircraft to taxi the aircraft to apron

• Taxiway is connected to runway by exit taxiway, rapid exit
taxiway, and holding apron.
• Taxiway design depends on the aircraft reference code
APRON

• Apron is a parking area for aircraft

• The activities in apron includes loading/unloading
passengers/baggages, cleaning, checking, refueling,
Terminal Building

Terminal Building
Terminal components

CURBSIDE PROCESSING WAITING

AREA LOUNGE
CURBSIDE

• The place for changing mode of transport

• Loading /unloading passengers and baggage from and to
land transport (private cars, taxi, bus)
PROCESSING AREA

• Screening, Check-in,
immigration (for
departure passengers)
• Immigration, custom,
baggage claim (for
arrival passengers)
WAITING LOUNGE

• Waiting room
• Restaurants
• Shops
Access To Airport
Access to the airport

ROAD/RAIL MODE SHARE

NETWORK
Roads Network

• Road network should

offer quick, easy access
to the airport
• The road network
provides a more
uniformly-concentric
and ‘predictable’ level
of accessibility
compared to public
transport.
Roads Network
Rail Network
Mode Share
Aircraft Characteristics
(Chapter 2 Horenjeff)
Aircraft dimensions.
Turning radius.
Landing Gear

Traditional and complex landing gear configurations (Federal

Aviation Administration)
Relevance of Aircraft Characteristics

• Aircraft classification are useful in airport engineering

work (including terminal gate sizing, apron and taxiway
planning, etc.) and in air traffic analyses
• Most of the airport design standards are related to
aircraft size (i.e., wingspan, aircraft length, aircraft
wheelbase, aircraft seating capacity, etc.)
• Airport fleet compositions vary over time and thus is
imperative that we learn how to forecast expected
vehicle sizes over long periods of time
• The Next Generation (NextGen) air transportation
system will cater to a more diverse pool of aircraft
Typical Dimension of Large Aircraft
Typical Dimension of Small Aircraft
CMG Distance vs Wheelbase Distance

Consideration About CMG Distance vs Wheelbase

Distance
• FAA specifies:
• Cockpit to Main Gear (CMG) dimension will be used
instead of the aircraft wheelbase for aircraft where the
cockpit is located forward of the nose gear (typically
applies to commercial aircraft)
• For aircraft with the cockpit located aft of the nose gear,
use the wheelbase instead of CMG to determine the
Taxiway Design Group (TDG)
• See figures in the previous slides
CMG Distance vs Wheelbase Distance

• Most general aviation aircraft (called GA) typically

have the nose gear located in front of the cockpit (use
the wheelbase distance for design)
CMG Distance vs Wheelbase Distance

• Most commercial aircraft have the cockpit located

ahead of the nose gear (use CMG distance)
CMG Distance vs Wheelbase Distance

Some aircraft have special landing gear configurations

Characteristics of Commercial Service Aircraft
Physical Characteristics
Chapter 6, Horenjeff

Physical Characteristics
(Chapter 6 Horenjeff)
RUNWAY
Characteristic Runway

• For design purposes, airports are classified based on

the aircraft they accommodate.
• Airports are designed based on a series of “critical” or
“design” aircraft.
• The FAA defines the term critical aircraft as the aircraft
most demanding on airport design that operates at
least 500 annual itinerant operations at a given airport.
• The smallest aircraft that is critical to the orientation of
runways,
• The largest aircraft determines most of the other
dimensional specifications of an airfield.
Characteristic Runway

• Dimensional and performance characteristics of the

critical aircraft determine the airport’s airport
reference code.
• The airport reference code is a two designator code
referring to the aircraft approach category and
the airplane design group for which the airport
has been designed.
• The airplane design group (ADG) is a grouping of
aircraft based upon wingspan or tail height
Aircraft Approach Categories
Aircraft Design Groups
ICAO
ICAOAerodrome
Aerodrome Reference
Reference Codes
Codes
Runway System Geometric Specifications
Graph (a)

• The runway structural pavement supports the

aircraft with respect to structural load,
maneuverability, control, stability, and other
operational and dimensional criteria.
• The shoulder adjacent to the edges of the
structural pavement resists jet blast erosion and
accommodates maintenance and emergency
equipment.
• The blast pad is an area designed to prevent
erosion of the surfaces adjacent to the ends of
runways due to jet blast or propeller wash.
Graph (b)

• The runway safety area (RSA) is an area

surrounding the runway prepared or suitable for
reducing the risk of damage to aircraft in the event
of an undershoot, overshoot, or excursion from the
runway.
• The runway safety area includes the structural
pavement, shoulders, blast pad, and stop-way, if
provided.
Graph (c)

• The runway object-free area (OFA) is defined by

the FAA as a two-dimensional ground area
surrounding the runway which must be clear of
parked aircraft and objects other than those whose
location is fixed by function.
Graph (d)

• The runway protection zone (RPZ) is an area

on the ground used to enhance the protection of
people and objects near the runway approach.
Runway Dimensional Standards

, ft—Approach Category A and B Aircraft

Runway Dimensional Standards

ft—Approach Category C, D, and E Aircraft

Runway longitudinal profile

• (a) utility airports,

• (b) transport airports
Runway protection zone.
TERPS (terminal instrument approach procedures)
Taxiways and Taxilanes

TAXIWAYS
& TAXILANES
Taxiway Dimensional Standards, ft
Taxiway Dimensional Standards, m
APRON
Aprons
Holding Aprons

• Holding aprons, holding pads, run-up pads, or

holding bays as they are sometimes called, are
placed adjacent to the ends of runways.
• The areas are used as storage areas for aircraft
prior to takeoff.
Typical holding pad configurations.
Flow-through bypass holding pad
Terminal apron requirements
 REMARKS
• Airport Layout depends on
• Name any part of airport and its function
• How do we determine the physical characteristics of
airport parts
• How do we distinguish the airport category
• Why do we need to understand the aircraft
characteristics
THANK YOU