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 2

LTE Air Interface

 3

Agenda

 E-UTRAN architecture
 LTE Physical layer structure
 Air interface resources
 UE measurements (RSRP/RSRQ)
 RSRP/RSRQ exercises
Network Elements and
Functionalities
 EPS Network Architecture
5

X2 LTE-UE
CP + UP eNodeB: Evolved NodeB
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
LTE-Uu
eNode B MME: Mobility Management Entity
CP S-GW: Serving Gateway
PCRF : Policy & Charging Rule Function
P-GW: Packet Gateway
UP eNode B
S1- MME
EUTRAN
S1- U

S10 S11 S5/S8 SGi

PDN

Rx+
S6a S7

Evolved Packet Core

 6

Evolved Node B (eNB)

cell
LTE-Uu
LTE-UE Evolved
Node B

Functions for Radio Resource Management: Radio Bearer Control, Radio Admission Control, Connection
Mobility Control, Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both uplink and downlink (scheduling)
IP header compression and encryption of user data stream;
Routing of User Plane data towards Serving Gateway
Scheduling and transmission of paging messages (originated from the MME)
Scheduling and transmission of broadcast information (originated from the MME or O&M)
Measurement and measurement reporting configuration for mobility and scheduling
Scheduling and transmission of ETWS messages (originated from the MME)
Performs all Radio Resource Management functionality
An eNB can handle several cells
 7

Mobility Management Entity (MME)

Pure Signaling Entity inside EPC

Inter Core Network (CN) node signaling for handling mobility between
different types of 3GPP access networks HSS
Handles attach and Detach to the SAE system as well as Tracking Area
update
S6a
Interface to the HSS for the subscriber relevant information S10
S1-MME
the signaling coordination to setup transport bearers through the EPC
for a UE S11
S1-U
MMEs can be interconnected via the S10 interface

It generates and allocates temporary IDs for UEs

Security procedures

Tracking Area (TA) list management

Idle UE reachability
 Serving Gateway
8

Manages the user data path with in EPC

Connects via S1 interface towards eNB

Packet Data Anchor with in EPC

S1- MME
Connects the P-GW with S5/S8 interface S1- U

A serving gateway is controlled by one or more MMEs via S11 interface

S11 S5/S8

Transport level packet marking in the uplink and the downlink

Downlink packet buffering and initiation of network triggered service request

procedure for Idle UEs
Mobility anchoring for inter-3GPP mobility
 Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway
9

Provides the connection between EPC and a number of external data networks

IP Address allocation to the UE

QoS coordination between the external PDN and EPC

connected via S7 to a PCRF

S5/S8 SGi
Transport level packet marking in the uplink and the downlink PDN

UE IP address allocation S7 Rx+

Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection)

UL and DL service level charging

UL and DL service level rate enforcement

UL and DL service level gating control

Lawful Interception

DHCP functions
 10

Policy and Charging Rule Function (PCRF)

Quality of Service (QoS) coordination between the external PDN and EPC

PCRF is connected via Rx+ interface to the external Data network (PDN)

Check and modify the QoS associated with a SAE bearer setup from SAE S5/S8 SGi
or to request the setup of a SAE bearer from the PDN PDN

Enforces minimum Qos Parameters for packet based on their QoS

S7 Rx+
Parameters

Charging Policy: Determines how packet should be accounted

 Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
11

Similar to HLR in 2G/3G Network

With LTE/EPS the HSS will get additionally data per subscriber for S1- MME
mobility and service handling S1- U

The HSS can be accessed by the MME via S6a interface

S10 S11

S6a
 12

LTE Physical Layer Structure and Air

Interface Resources
 Duplexing Mode
13

Bandwidth Bandwidth Bandwidth

up to 20MHz up to 20MHz up to 20MHz

UL DL DL
UL DL SF
UL DL UL
Time UL DL
Time DL
UL DL DL
UL DL DL
UL DL SF
UL DL UL
UL DL DL
UL DL UL

Frequency Frequency
 FDD Bands
14

E-UTRA Operating Duplex E-UTRA Operating Duplex

Frequency UL/DL MHz Frequency UL/DL MHz
Band Mode Band Mode
1 1920-1980/2110-2170 FDD 17 704-716/734-746 FDD
2 1850-1910/1930-1990 FDD 18 815-830/860-875 FDD
3 1710-1785/1805-1880 FDD 19 830-845/875-890 FDD
4 1710-1755/2110-2155 FDD 20 832-862/791-821 FDD
1447.9-1462.9/1495.9-
5 824-849/869-894 FDD 21 FDD
1510.9
6 830-840/875-885 FDD
22 3410-3490/3510-3590 FDD
7 2500-2570/2620-2690 FDD
23 2000-2020/2180/2200 FDD
8 880-915/925-960 FDD
1626.5-1660.5/1525-
1749.9-1784.9/1844.9- 24 FDD
9 FDD 1559
1879.9
10 1710-1770/2110-2170 FDD 25 1850-1915/1930-1995 FDD
1427.9-1447.9/1475.9- 26 814-849/859-894 FDD
11 FDD 27 807-824/852-869 FDD
1495.9
12 699-716/729-746 FDD 28 703-748/758-803 FDD
29 717-728 FDD
13 777-787/746-756 FDD
30 2350-2360/2305-2315 FDD
14 788-798/758-768 FDD
462.5-467.5/452.5-
15 Reserved FDD 31 FDD
457.5
16 Reserved FDD 32 1452-1496 FDD
 15

TDD Bands

E-UTRA Operating Band Frequency UL/DL MHz Duplex Mode

33 1900-1920 TDD
34 2010-2025 TDD
35 1850-1910 TDD
36 1930-1990 TDD
37 1910-1930 TDD
38 2570-2620 TDD
39 1880-1920 TDD
40 2300-2400 TDD
41 2496-2690 TDD
42 3400-3600 TDD
43 3600-3800 TDD
44 703-803 TDD
 16

LTE FDD Frame Structure

Frame Frame 1

1 ms 10 ms

Sub Frame SF0 SF1 SF2 SF10

Slot S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S18 S19

0.5 ms

SY0 SY1 SY2 SY3 SY4 SY5 SY6 Symbol

 FDD Frame structure ( also called Type 1 Frame) is common to both uplink and
downlink.
 Divided into 20 x 0.5ms slots
 17

LTE FDD Frame Structure

 LTE TDD Frame Structure
18

Frame Frame

10 ms
5 ms 5 ms

Half Frame Half Frame 1 Half Frame 2

1 ms

Sub Frame SF0 SF1 SF2 SF3 SF4 SF5 SF6 SF7 SF8 SF9

Special DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS

Subframe

DwPTS - Downlink Pilot Time Slot : facilitates downlink synchronization.

GP - Guard Period : helps avoid interference between the uplink and the downlink and provides the transceiver
adequate time to switch from transmit function to receive function and vice versa.
UpPTS - Uplink Pilot Time Slot : facilitates uplink synchronization.
LTE TDD Frame Structure
19
 20

LTE TDD Special Sub Frame

Downlink Pilot time Slot (DwPTS)
• Shortened DL subframe DwPTS GP UpPTS
• For Reference Signals & control information
• May carry user data Special Subframe
• Contains PSS (note: SSS transmitted on the last symbol of subframe 0)
Uplink-Downlink Allocations
Uplink Pilot Time Slot (UpPTS) UL/DL Period
Subframe

• Mainly used for RACH and SRS transmission Configuration (ms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Guard Period (GP) 0 D S U U U D S U U U

• Switching point between DL & UL 1 5 D S U U D D S U U D
transmission
2 D S U D D D S U D D
• Compensates for the delay when switching
between transmission directions 3 D S U U U D D D D D
• Its length determines the maximum 4 10 D S U U D D D D D D
supportable cell size 5 D S U D D D D D D D
6 5 D S U U U D S U U D

D: Downlink U : Uplink S: Special Subframe

 Resource Block and Resource Element
21

Physical Resource Block or Resource Block (PRB or RB)

12 subcarriers in frequency domain x 1 slot period in time domain.
 PEAK RATE CALCULATION IN LTE 22

From the 3gpp specification:

₋ 1 Radio Frame = 10 Sub-frame
₋ 1 Sub-frame = 2 Time-slots
₋ 1 Time-slot = 0.5 ms (i.e. 1 Sub-frame = 1 ms)
₋ 1Time-slot = 7 Modulation Symbols (when normal CP length is used)
₋ 1 Modulation Symbols = 6 bits; if 64 QAM is used as modulation scheme
Radio resource is manage in LTE as resource grid....
- 1 Resource Block (RB) = 12 Sub-carriers
₋ Assume 20 MHz channel bandwidth (100 RBs), normal CP
Therefore, number of bits in a sub-frame = 100RBs x 12 sub-carriers x 2 slots x 7 modulation symbols x 6 bits
= 100800 bits
Hence, data rate = 100800 bits / 1 ms = 100.8 Mbps
• If 4x4 MIMO is used, then the peak data rate would be 4 x 100.8 Mbps = 403 Mbps.
• If 3/4 coding is used to protect the data, we still get 0.75 x 403 Mbps = 302 Mbps as data rate
 UL Throughput Calculation 23

LTE UL throughput calculation can be understand with following LTE system configuration.
- For 20 MHz we have 100 PRBs/1200 Subcarriers
- In Uplink for PUCCH 4 PRBs are reserved
- So (100-4) PRBs = 96 PRBs
- For PRACH 6 PRBs are reserved
- So (96-6) PRBs = 90 PRBs
- In 1 RB = 84 RE and 2 Slots
- So 84 (RE) X 2 (Slots) X 4 bits/symbol (16 QAM) =672 bits/1 ms or 672000 bits/sec
=0.672 Mbits/sec
We have 90 PRBs
Data rate = 90 x 0.672 Mbps
= 60.48 Mbps
Out of 7 symbols, 1 symbol is reserved for DM-RS
Overhead = 60.48 – 60/7
UL Throughput = 51 Mbps
 UE Categories 24

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8

Peak rate
DL/UL 10/5 50/25 100/50 150/50 299/75 301/50 301/102 1200/600
Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps

RF
20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
Bandwidth
Modulation
64 QAM 64 QAM 64QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM
DL
Modulation
16 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM 16 QAM 16QAM 64 QAM
UL
Rx Diversity
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

MIMO DL 2x2 or 2x2 or

Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4 8x8
4x4 4x4

All categories support 20 MHz

64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink(except Class 5 & 8)

2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1
Class 6, 7 & 8 added for R10
 25

LTE Measurements
 26

LTE Measurements

Physical layer measurements have not been extensively discussed in the LTE standardization. They could change.

 UE measurements

• Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)

• Reference Signal Received Quality ( RSRQ)

 Reference Signals Received Power (RSRP)
27

RSRP is the linear average of reference signal power (in Watts) across the specified bandwidth (in number of REs). This is
the most important item UE has to measure for cell selection, reselection and handover. It is the one similar to CPICH
RSCP in WCDMA.

RSRQ = N*RSRP/RSSI
RSSI = Received Signal Strength Indicator
RSRQ = Reference Signal Received Quality

*3GPP TS 36.133

Definition Is the received power N*RSPR divided by the power density in

the band. (N: number of RB’s)
Applicable RRC idle and RRC Connected mode (intra and inter frequency)

Range [dBm]
 Reference Signals Received Quality (RSRQ)
28

RSRQ = N*RSRP/RSSI
RSSI = Received Signal Strength Indicator
RSRQ = Reference Signal Received Quality

*3GPP TS 36.133

Definition Is the received power N*RSPR divided by the power density in

the band. (N: number of RB’s)
Applicable RRC Connected mode only (intra and inter frequency)

Range [dB]
 29

Downlink Radio Frame

Following is an example of one downlink radio frame. The red part is the resource elements in
which reference signal is being transmitted. RSRP is the linear average of all the red part power
 RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator)
30

 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI):

• RSSI represents the total received wide-band power by UE

• It is measured only in symbols containing Reference signals
• It includes power from serving cell as well as co-channel interference and noise
• It helps in determining interference and noise information
• RSSI is never reported by UE
 Example 31

Example

Try to calculate RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ for one very simple case of one resource block
with 12 sub carriers and 0.5 ms in time domain. For sake of simplicity, lets assume the
power of reference symbols (shown by red square) and power of other symbols carrying
other data channels (shown by blue square) is same i.e. 0.021 watt

Since RSRP is linear average of downlink reference signal for given channel bandwidth
therefore
RSRP = 10*log (0.021*1000) = 13.2 dBm

While RSSI is total received wide-band power. Therefore we have to add power of all 12
carriers in the given resource block
RSSI = 10*log(0.021*1000)+10*log(12) = 24 dBm

RSRQ is now simple ratio of RSRP to RSSI with N=1

RSRQ = 10*log(0.021/(12*0.021)) = -10.79 dB
 •32

LTE Air Interface Channels

 •33

Downlink Channel Mapping

Common Control Dedicated & Control
PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH

Downlink Logical
Channels

PCH BCH DL-SCH MCH

Downlink Transport
Paging Channels

DL-RS SCH PCFICH PBCH PHICH PDSCH PDCCH PMCH

System MBSFN Downlink Physical
Broadcast Channels
 •34

DL Logical Channels

• BCCH – Broadcast Control CH

• System information sent to all UE’s

• PCCH – Paging Control CH

• Paging information when addressing UE
• Used when network does not know the
location of the UE.

• CCCH – Common Control CH

• Access information during call
establishment
• Transmit control information between
UE and Network.
• Used for UE having no RRC connection
with the network. LTE Channels
 •35

DL Logical channels

• DCCH – Dedicated Control CH

• User specific signaling and control
• Used by UE having no RRC connection

• DTCH – Dedicated Traffic CH

• A point to point bi -directional channel
that transmit dedicated user
information between UE and the
network

• MCCH – Multicast Control CH

• Signaling for multi-cast

• MTCH – Multicast Traffic CH

• Multicast data

LTE Channels
 •36

Transport channels

• BCH – Broadcast CH
• Broadcast in the entire coverage
area of the cell
• Fixed pre defined transport format

• PCH – Paging CH
• Supports UE discontinuous reception
to enable UE power saving
• Mapped to the PDSCH

LTE Channels
 •37

Transport channels

• MCH – Multicast channel

• Used for multicast transmission

• DL-SCH – Downlink Shared CH

• Supports UE discontinuous reception
to enable UE power saving
• Supports HARQ
• Supports dynamic link adaption by
varying the modulation, coding and
transmit power

LTE Channels
 PHY Channels
•38

• PDSCH – Physical DL Shared CH

• Carries the DL-SCH and PCH
• QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM Modulation

• PBCH – Physical Broadcast CH

• The coded BCH Transport block is mapped to four
sub frames with in a 40 ms interval. 40 ms timing is
blindly detected i.e. there is no explicit signaling
indicating 40 ms timing
• Each sub frame is assumed to be self decodable, i.e.
the BCH can be decoded from a single reception,
assuming sufficiently good channel condition

• PMCH – Physical Multicast Channel

• Data and signaling for multicast •LTE Channels
 •39

PHY Channels

• PDCCH – Physical Downlink Control CHANNEL

• Informs the UE about the resource
allocation of PCH and DL- SCH and HARQ
information related to DL- SCH.
• Carries the uplink scheduling grant
• QPSK Modulation

• PHICH – Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator

• Carries HARQ ACK/ NACK in response to
uplink transmission
• QPSK Modulation

• PCFICH– Physical Control Format Indicator

• Indicating the size of PDCC
• QPSK Modulation LTE Channels
 •40

Downlink Reference Signals

• Downlink Reference Signal(DL-RS)

• Downlink Channel estimation for
coherent demodulation at the UE
• Used to avoid the problem of frequency
drift

• Primary Synchronization Signal(PSS)

• Provides slot synchronization and
physical cell ID

• Secondary Synchronization Signal(SSS)

• Provides frame synchronization and cell
ID group
LTE Channels
 •41

Uplink Channels Mapping

 •42

UL Logical channels

• CCCH – Common Control CH

• Transmit control information between UE and Network.
• Used for UE having no RRC connection with the network.

• DCCH – Dedicated Control CH

• Used by UE having no RRC connection
• Transmit dedicated control information between UE and the
network.

• DTCH – Dedicated Traffic Control CH

• Point to point bi-directional channel that transmit dedicated
control information between a UE and the network.
• Used by UE having no RRC connection

LTE Channels
 •43

UL Transport channels

• RACH – Random Access CH

• Used for UE’s accessing the network
• Channel carries minimal information
• Transmission on the channel may be lost due to
transmission.

• UL-SCH – Uplink Shared CH

• Optional support for beam-forming
• Supports dynamic link adaptation by varying the
transmit power and potentially modulation and
coding.
• Supports Hybrid ARQ
• Supports dynamic and static resource allocation.

LTE Channels
 •44

UL Physical channels

• PUCCH- Physical Uplink control CH

• Carries Hybrid ACK/NACK in response to downlink
transmission
• Carries scheduling request
• Carries CQI report
• BPSK and QPSK modulation

• PRACH – Physical Random Access CH

• Carries the random access preamble
• Preambles are generated from Zadoff- Chu
sequence.

• PUSCH – Physical Uplink Shared CH

• Carries UL-SCH
• QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM modulation.

LTE Channels
 •45

UL Physical channels

• Demodulation Reference signal

• Used for channel estimation and
coherent demodulation(both PUCCH
and PUSCH).
• Associated with transmission of
uplink data on PUSCH and PUCCH.

• Sounding Reference signal

• Used for the transmission of uplink
channel quality to enable channel
scheduling
• Not associated with transmission of
uplink data

LTE Channels
 •46

Overhead Calculation
 Sync Signals and Frame Type 1 - FDD
•47

Subframe 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

S S
l l
o
f1 (DL) o
t t
0 1
0

Slot 0 Slot 10
Symbol 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SS
Subcarriers
Occupied

S P- S P-
DC - DC - 62 Subcarriers
S S S S
S S S S

S-SS
 Synchronization Signals Overhead
•48

•Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)

- occupies 144 Resource Elements per frame (20 timeslots); i.e. (62 subcarriers + 10 empty Resource Elements) x 2
times/frame
Example: Normal CP, 10 MHz bandwidth; PSS overhead = 144 / (84 × 20 × 50) = 0.17 %
•Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)
• Identical calculation to PSS; same overhead as for PSS

10ms Radio frame

2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10

1ms Subframe SSS

PSS
0.5ms = 1 slot checking for SSS
Normal CP at 2 possible positions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 CP length
1 2 3 4 5 6
Extended CP

PSS & SSS frame + slot structure in

time domain (FDD case)
 Single Antenna Port and DL Reference Signals •49

DL RS, Normal TCP DL RS, Extended TCP

f=1
f=2 Reference
Signal
f=3

Resource
f=11 Element

f=12
S=0 S=6 S=0 S=5
 2 Port DL Reference Signals, Normal TCP •50

DL RS, Normal TCP

Port 0
R0
Reference
Signal
R0
Port 0

R0

Not used on
R0
this port

eNodeB
R1 Port 1
Reference
R1 Signal
Port 1

R1
Not used on
R1
this port
 •51

Antenna Port Layering

eNodeB
 •52

Antenna Port Layering

eNodeB
 DL Reference Signal Overhead
•53

Reference Signal (RS)

- If 1 Tx antenna*: 4 RSs per PRB
- If 2 Tx antenna*: there are 8 RSs per PRB
- If 4 Tx antenna*: there are 12 RSs per PRB
• Example below: Normal CP (84 RE) & 2 Tx antenna*, DL RS overhead = 8 / 84 = 9.52 %

* with 1/2/4 Antenna Ports PRB: Physical Resource Block

 PDCCH, PHICH, and PCFICH overhead •54

Subframe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Subcarriers
Occupied

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Even Slot Odd Slot

Reference
R0 R0 Signal

DL PDCCH, PHICH, PCFICH

R0 R0
Resource
Blocks PDSCH
R0 R0

Not used on this

R0 R0 port
 System Overhead Downlink •55

PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH

-The combination of PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH is able to occupy the first 1, 2 or 3 time domain symbols per TTI
-As of RL30, the PDCCH Area defined in the PCFICH becomes dynamic
-Worst case scenario – PDCCH Area is 3 Symbols wide
- The number of RE occupied per 1 ms TTI is given by (12 × y – x), where:
• y depends upon the number of occupied time domain symbols per TTI (1, 2 or 3)
• x depends upon the number of RE already occupied by the Reference Signal
x = 2 for 1 transmit antenna
x = 4 for 2 transmit antenna
20 MHz = 100 RB
x = 4 for 4 transmit antenna
4 Antenna – 8 DRS in PDCCH Area
when y = 1
PCFICH = 3 Symbols
x = 8 for 4 transmit antenna Dual Stream
when y = 2 or 3 16.67% Overhead
 PBCH Overhead •56

Occupies (288* – x) Resource Elements (REs) per 20 timeslots per transmit antenna
The value of x depends upon the number of REs already occupied by the Reference Signal:
x = 12 for 1 Tx antenna, x = 24 for 2 Tx antennas & x = 48 for 4 Tx antenna
- Example: normal CP, 2 Tx antennas, 10 MHz bandwidth;
PBCH Overhead = (288 – 24) / (84 × 20 × 50) = 0.31%

one radio frame = 10 ms

72 subcarriers

Repetition Pattern of PBCH = 40 ms

PBCH * PBCH uses central 72 Subcarrier over 4 OFDM symbols in Slot 1

 UL Demodulation Reference Signal Overhead •57

Demodulation Reference Signal (DRS)

• The DRS is sent on the 4th OFDM symbol
of each RB occupied by the PUSCH.

UL DRS occupies the whole

allocated band except 2 “RB PUCCH
bandwidth” in the both end.
Reference signal: 12 RE (per RB)
x (50-2) RBs not dedicated to PUSCH
PUCCH /(84 x50) =13.14%
PUCCH
 UL DRS Overhead
•58

Example:
For 1.4 MHz Channel Bandwidth, the PUCCH occupies 1 RB per Slot.
The number of RE per RB is 84 when using the normal CP.
This means the DRS overhead* is: ((6-1) × 12)/(6 × 84) = 11.9 %

Channel BW PUCCH RB/slot DRS Overhead*

1.4 MHz 1 ((6-1) × 12) / (6 × 84) = 11.9 %
3 MHz 2 ((15-2) × 12) / (15 × 84) = 12.38 %
5 MHz 2 ((25-2) × 12) / (25 × 84) = 13.14 %
10 MHz 4 ((50-4) × 12) / (50 × 84) = 13.14 %
15 MHz 6 ((75-6) × 12) / (75 × 84) = 13.14 %
20 MHz 8 ((100-8) × 12) / (100 × 84) = 13.14 %

* for normal CP
 PRACH Overhead
•59

•PRACH
• PRACH uses 6 Resource Blocks in the frequency domain.
• The location of those resource blocks is dynamic. Two parameters from RRC layer define it:
• PRACH Configuration Index: for Timing, selecting between 1 of 4 PRACH durations and defining if PRACH
preambles can be send in any radio frame or only in even numbered ones
• PRACH Frequency offset: Defines the location in frequency domain
• PRACH Overhead calculation: 6 RBs * RACH Density / (#RB per TTI) x 10 TTIs per frame
• RACH density: how often are RACH resources reserved per 10 ms frame i.e. for RACH density: 1 (RACH
resource reserved once per frame)

Channel BW PRACH Overhead

1.4 MHz (6 × 1) / (6 × 10) = 10 %
3 MHz (6 × 1) / (15 × 10) = 4 %
5 MHz (6 × 1) / (25 × 10) = 2.40 %
10 MHz (6 × 1) / (50 × 10) = 1.20 %
15 MHz (6 × 1) / (75 × 10) = 0.8 %
20 MHz (6 × 1) / (100 × 10) = 0.6 %
 Multiple PUCCH in One Subframe
•60

Subframe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Subcarriers
Occupied

Even Slot Odd Slot Demodulation RS

PUCCH 1 PUCCH 0 PUSCH
PUCCH 3 PUCCH 2 PUCCH
Resource
Blocks
UL

PUCCH 2 PUCCH 3
PUCCH 0 PUCCH 1
 •61

PUCCH Overhead
•PUCCH
• Ratio between the number of RBs used for PUCCH and the total number of RBs in
frequency domain per TTI

Channel BW PUCCH RB/slot PUCCH Overhead

1.4 MHz 1 1 / 6 = 16.67 %
3 MHz 2 2 / 15 = 13.33 %
5 MHz 2 2 / 25 = 8 %
10 MHz 4 4 / 50 = 8 %
15 MHz 6 6 / 75 = 8 %
20 MHz 8 8 / 100 = 8%

PUCCH carries UCI(Uplink Control Information),

i.e, Aperiodic CQI reports and ACK/NACK
 Physical Layer Overhead Example •62

Example of overhead:
• DL 2Tx – 2RX
• UL 1TX - 2RX
• PRACH in every frame
• 3 OFDM symbols for PDCCH
•No OTDOA
 Summary •63

 E-UTRAN architecture
 LTE Physical layer structure
 Air interface resources
 UE measurements (RSRP/RSRQ)
 •64

“HAPPY LEARNING”

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

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