Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Prakhyath Rai
Asst. Professor, Dept. of ISE, SCEM,
Mangaluru-575007
1
Contents
Nature
Importance and purpose of planning process
Steps in Planning and Planning Premises
Types of plans
Objectives
Decision Making
Types of planning
Hierarchy of plans
Planning is all-pervasive
Planning is rational
Planners should be objective and unemotional in their
approach to planning.
level plans.
supportive.
Planning is futuristic
decision-making.
premises
and methods.
External premises
External premises are those factors which exist outside the
Intangible premises
Intangible premises are those which are abstract and non-
quantifiable in nature.
Controllable premises
Controllable premises are those factors which are said to be
Semi-controllable premises
Plans
Objectives Programmes
Policies Schedules
Strategies Projects
Procedures Budgets
Methods Rules
right balance.
For Example,
a course of action
a commitment of resources
timing concern.
For Example;
In written form
Flexible
For Example;
For Example;
For Example;
For Example;
For Example;
program.
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 40
Budgets
A Budget is a written plan of future activities of the company
in monetary terms.
For Example;
Sales Budget
Production Budget
Advertising Budget
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 41
Budgets Cont.
General features of budget are:
It is prepared in advance.
Implement the
Decision
Prakhyath Rai, Asst. Professor, Department of ISE, SCEM, Mangaluru-575007 45
Decision Making Process
To define the problem and parameters influencing it
can be framed.
In some cases,
Organizational Goals