The Speech Sounds

 Speech sounds are those of vowels and

consonants.
 A vowel sound is a speech sound that is
produced through an open throat and
mouth passage without any hindrance or
obstruction.
 A consonant sound is one that is
pronounced with a certain degree of
obstruction and restriction at the lips,
inside the mouth and in the throat.
 There are eleven recognizable vowel
sounds and twenty- four consonant
sounds in English and several more
variants.
 The sounds is more than the letters of
the English alphabet.

Ex. O (old, hot, obey, form)

C (car, cent, cello)
Because of the municipality of
sounds a letter can have,
linguists have devised a
scientific codification of
sounds, the IPA (international
Phonetic Alphabet), where a
symbol represents a distinct
speech sound.
 1. One sound is associated with one symbol; therefore
each symbol stands for one sound.
2. IPA symbols are in diagonal bars; transcriptions are in
square brackets.

Some points to 3. Silent letters are not transcribed, e.g leave [liv].
remember in the use 4. The spelling of the word is not the basis of
of International transcription.
Phonetic Alphabet 5. Double consonants are replaced by a single
(IPA): consonant, e.g. hall [hƆl]
6. The phonetic symbols should be printed rather than
written in long hand.
7. The symbols are written in small letter prints, e.g.
Monday [m^nde].
IPA Merriam Webster Sample Words
dark, heart, park, car, hark, father
a ä
dad, bad, at, bat, pal, pat, add, cat, fat
ae a
bet, pepper, desk,fetch, neck
ɛ e
ray, A, H, eight, take, date, bake, pain
e ā
it, dig, pig, drink
I i
eat, pee, see, heat, beat
i ē
pole, dole, dough, oh
o ō
walk, talk, saw, Paul
ɔ ȯ
took, book, look, hook, cook, hood, foot,
U ů good, put
two, spook, shoot, hoot, goose, influence,
u ü
 Create new words based on the
“Ant Family”.

WORD
BUILDING Example: What kind of ant
works with figures?
Answer: accountant
Now what kind of ant:
1. lives in the jungle?
2. is far away?
3. is extraordinarily large?
4. works for a master?
5. is good natured?
6. is unchanging?
7. is luxurious?
8. is one who takes part?
9. is a very small child?
10. is sleeping?
11. is very bright?
12.is empty?
13.is immediate?
14.is plentiful?
15.has moved to a different country?
16.is meaningful?
17.is something that grows?
18.has influence over others?
19. is unsure and indecisive?
20.lives in a certain place?
 1. What two letters express the meaning “not difficult”?
2. What two letters mean the opposite of “full”?
3. What two letters spell a number?
4. What two letters spell a word meaning “some”?
5. What two letters mean a kind of short composition?
6. What two letters mean “very cold”?
Letter play 7. What two letters mean the opposite of
“causes”(noun)?
8. What letter and number mean “ahead of” or “in front
of”?
9. What number and letter spell a popular outdoor
game?
THE VOWEL
SOUNDS
 Smile to extend the
unrounding of the lips
Lesson 1: The Teeth together
vowel sound Slight opening of the mouth
/i/
High bunching of tongue
 Initial Medial Final
era suite debris
WORD DRILL aegis diesel quay
east amoeba ennui
eaves penal precis
even phoenix vis-a-vis
 1. peaceful Easter eve
2. evening breeze from the sea
3. a week in a suite
4. bring me three

PHRASE DRILL 5. peak of his career

6. agree on the fee
7. Ethiopians in East Africa
8. seek an easy way
9. flea to be free
10. pekoe tea
 1. In reading readiness, the ready
reader reads the readily readable
reading materials.
2. The Aegis Band sings the three
Tongue Twister songs of the east like phoenix in a
suite.
3. Fathers work hard at the peak of
their career even on a peaceful
Easter eve.
 Natural unrounding of lips
Moderate opening of the
Lesson 2: The mouth
vowel sound
/I/ Moderate parting of teeth
Mid-bunching of tongue
 Initial Medial Final
business
errata hymn
image women
embrace abyss
WORD DRILL
intern simple
event gimmick
impact circuit
income quilt
imbue since
enjoy been
 1. The ensign sipped genuine English
coffee.
2. Eleven pretty women are busy
making salad and chocolate malt.
Sentence Drill
3. Did you fill the rice bin to the brim?
4. The shipper sold his six ships.
5. Listen to the mystery.
 1. Which wristwatch out of the six
wristwatches is a Swiss
wristwatch?

TONGUE 2. If you fish a fish that the fisherman

fishes at the sea he sees, you will
TWISTER
not have fish at all.
3. Until the end, the income from the
patchwork quilt’s still easy to get
by the intern’s internship stint.
 /i/ /I/
beak bic

CONTRAST cheek chick

DRILL feast fist
heal hill
leave live
peach pitch
 GIVING AND FORGIVING
by Thomas Grant Springer

What makes life worth living

Is our giving and forgiving;

Giving tiny bits of kindness

POEM That will leave a joy behind us.
And forgiving bitter trifles

That the right word often stifles.

For the little things are bigger
Than we often stop to figure

What makes life worth the living

Is our giving and forgiving.
 Natural unrounding of lips
Moderate opening of the
Lesson 3: The
vowel sound mouth
/e/ Moderate parting of teeth
Mid-bunching of tongue
 Initial Medial Final
Aviator steak bouquet

WORD DRILL Apex freight fiancé

Aerial papal fillet
Alias feign passé
Etude mayonnaise attaché
 1. savory fish fillet
2. reclaim acres of wasteland
3. neighbors from Asia
4. an ace skater
5. eight bottles of ale
PHRASE DRILL
6. a great day
7. eight states complained
8. a pale famous painter
9. sailed on the same day
10. perfume sachet
 1. A labor attaché has a cache in
the chalet where there’s ballet.
2. The plane landed on a lane
instead of on a plain intended
TONGUE for an airplane.
TWISTER 3. All I had was a savory fish fillet
when I sailed the same day
today.
 DIRECTIONS:
Draw the following shapes
QUIZ around the words with the
following sounds.

/i/ /I/
/e/
There is a story about an eagle who grew up with a brood of wild
chickens in a forest. He ate, slept, and acted like a chicken. One day
while scavenging for food together with the chickens, he saw the King
Eagle flying high with all his grandeur. The chicken-eagle sighed, “How I
wish I could fly like that! "The eagle heard him and said, “Well, you can
do that if you try because you are an eagle.” The chicken- eagle laughed,
“No, I’m not. I am merely a chicken.” Then all of a sudden the King Eagle
swooped down, snatched the chicken-eagle and brought him to the edge
of the top of a cliff overlooking a lake. The King Eagle roared, “What are
you doing down there with the chickens?” He replied, “Because I am a
chicken.” The King Eagle said , “No, you’re not. Come on spread your
wings!” When the chicken- eagle spread his wing, he was pushed off the
cliff. Shrieking with fear, the chicken- eagle glided into the scene lake,
then he saw his mirror-image on the water. He is a an eagle! Excited by
the vision, he moved his wings and gently soared high above the lake,
above the mountains, into the clouds….. Above them all.
 /i/ /I/
/e/
story ate with
eagle lake chickens
he day in
merely king
shrieking his
fear wish
scene him
if
cliff
wings
into
mirror
vision
image
is
 Natural unrounding of lips
Moderate opening of the
mouth
Lesson 4: The
vowel sound Moderate parting of teeth
/E/ Lower-mid bunching of
tongue
 Initial Medial Final
aesthetic realm
ethane read (past tense)
essence lead (n)
ensign peasant
WORD DRILL excellent ghetto
anymore says
eloquent wealth
emcee pledge
exile jeopardy
any wrench
 1. any question
2. deadly weapon
3. aesthetic sense
4. pleasant weather
PHRASE DRILL 5. French exile
6. best friends
7. etched in metal
8. family crest
9. ten and twenty methods
 1./i/
2./I/
3./e/
4./E/
ASSIGNMENT Note: Give at least a 3-syllabic word.
Make sure to underline the letter that
corresponds to the sound. (10 words
per number/sound)
 Natural unrounding of
lips
Lesson 5: The
vowel sound Lowered jaw for wider
/ae/ opening of mouth
Low bunching of tongue
 Initial Medial Final
amethyst plaid
amber meringue
abbey banquet
agitate tapestry
action candy
WORD DRILL
ad hoc plaque
antique valor
attitude gnat
ample bath
tandem
Hate hit heat
Seek sick sake
Head had hid
Fell fill fail
Seat sat set
Lick lake lack
Fate feet fit
Hill hell hale
Bean been ban
Later letter latter
 Natural unrounding of lips
Full opening of the mouth
Lesson 6: The
vowel sound Lower-low bunching of
/a/ tongue
 Initial Medial Final
honorable yacht
ombudsman progress
entrée sergeant
osmosis psalm

WORD DRILL entourage pontiff

odyssey margarine
onyx colony
on nominate
opera memoir
arcade repertoire
 1. honor God
2. honest don
3. pontiff’s homily
4. fond of olives

PHRASE DRILL 5. oligarchs in congress

6. far from the arcade
7. onward to the farm
8. nominate John
9. knock and nod
10. father’s heart
 1.Breathe 6.Hymn
2.Mesdames 7.Heifer
Write the
phonetic symbol 3.Salmon 8.Valet
of the underlined
letter/s. 4.Peso 9.English
5.Evening 10.Said
 Tongue is raised in a low
mid-back position
Lesson 7: The
vowel sound Lips are oval shaped, tense
/Ɔ/ and protruded
Jaw is lowered
 Initial Medial Final
Orient porpoise yaw
Orchard cloth gnaw
Orator warrant thaw
WORD DRILL
Authentic dwarf flaw
Audience nausea coleslaw
wharf Shaw
 1. Caught the fawn
2. Flora fauna
3. Water from the faucet
4. Organdie gown in mauve
PHRASE DRILL 5. Warm morning
6. Precautious orator
7. Audio-visual room
8. Chalk board
9. Call the lawyer
10. Orphaned pauper
 Lesson 8: The
Lips are rounded
vowel sound /o/ Tense mid, back vowel
 Initial Medial Final
Ozone loge beau
Own alone tow
Open cologne crow
WORD DRILL Opal loathe so
Ode gnome apropos
Oath mauve flambeau
Oasis romance dough
 /Ɔ/ /o/
Call coal
Bought boat
Paul pole
Shaw show
Craw crow
PRODUCTION Wrought wrote
Stall stole
Flaw flow
Gnaw know
Lawn loan
  Tongue tip is kept behind the lower
front teeth
The vowel  Lips slightly rounded
sound  Muscles of the tongue and neck are
/U/ relaxed
 Initial Medial Final
gourmet
tourist
footage
juror

WORD DRILL brochure

bulletin
pudding
goodness
contour
neighborhood
 /o/ /U/
Pole pull
Coke cook
Code could
Contrast Drill
Showed should
Hoed hood
Foal full
 1.Paul pulls the pole near the pool.

2.The music made the muse sick.

Tongue Twister
3.The cook should add coke to the
gourmet food.
 Tongue is raised high
The vowel towards the soft palate.
sound
/u/
Lips are protruded.
 Initial Medial Final
Oozy rouge Sioux
Oozing costume lieu

WORD DRILL Oodles route gnu

Ousel jewel spew
Choose tattoo
 1. Brand new two- seater coupe
2. Youthful cabin crew
3. Chocolate mousse and fruit juice
4. Moonlight cruise
5. Shoo the rooster
PHRASE DRILL 6. New route
7. Delicious beef stew
8. Group routine
9. Oodles of noodles
10.Prove the truth
  If Sue sews shoe, should Sue choose
the shoes she sews?

 She will surely see the sunshine

Tongue twister soon.

 A crooning cow, a crowning

rooster… both are lost to a pouring
rain.
 Below are 20 pairs of homonyms.
VOCABULARY Supply the correct set of homonyms
based on the given description
A B
1. Also number 11. Small hotel preposition
2. Precious, costly forest animal 12. Pushed air out of the mouth color
3. In this place perceive with the ear 13. precipitation rule, be in power
4. Perceived division of a play 14. Correct, proper put words on paper
5. Went before heavy metal 15. Was carried on a horse street, pathway
6. Be aware of, understand not any 16. Went higher lines of things
7. Consumed number 17. The masculine gender post, send a letter
8. Permitted spoken, not silent 18. Total of added numbers a few, any
9. Period of time belonging to us 19. Insect that makes honey prefix
10.Purchase next to 20. Oceans grasp, take hold of
THE DIPHTHONGS
Diphthongs are combination of two
vowel sounds pronounced in close
succession as a single phonetic unit.
/au/ /aI/ /ƆI/
Hour kind soil
How sight join
Now eye toy
Loud might boy
bow height boil
 The /au/ is produced by raising
the tongue very slightly to the
position for /a/ and is in low
/au/ central position. During
production, the tongue rises to
high back, lax /u/ position.
 Initial Medial Final
Outwit bountiful allow
Ounce profound vow
Hour announce now
Ourselves gout somehow
WORD DRILL
Outline couch plow
Ouch lounge how
Outfit souse endow
 /Ɔ/ /o/ /au/
Hall hole howl
Gnaw know now
CONTRAST Bought boat bout
DRILL
Ought oat out
Drawn drone drown
Fawned phoned found
 1. The town mayor bought a ticket for the
boxing bout.
2. Mike is an outcast; hence, he ought to get
out.
3. The coward will howl when he sees the deep
SENTENCES
hole.
4. Do you know the author now?
5. Why should Mr. Downe cut down the trees at
dawn?
 To produce the /aI/ sound, the
front of the tongue is kept very
/aI/ low. Open the jaw wide. Relax
the tongue muscles and keep
the lips unround.
 Initial Medial Final
Eyes price sky
Aisle height lie
Idol pint guy
Icon design rye
Ire inquire awry
WORD DRILL Item bright sty
Ice hygiene buy
Iota psyche ply
Iris cycle pie
Idea climb rectify
 1. Arrive alive
2. Fine night
3. Bright light
4. Idyllic island
5. Eiffel tower
PHRASE DRILL 6. Private pipeline
7. Diamond titian
8. Dyed silk tie
9. Tries to write
10.A fine night
 1. The psychic as medium enticed
several believers.
2. I can recite passages from the entire
Bible.
SENTENCE
DRILL 3. Eileen visited the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
4. Who is arriving on the first Friday of
July?
5. Be wise and kind all the time.
 The /ƆI/ pronounced by raising the
back of the tongue nearly flat with
a slight elevation near the mouth
/ƆI/ for the vowel /Ɔ/. Relax the muscle
and drop the lower jaw. Let the
tongue slide rapidly to its high
front position /I/.
 Initial Medial Final

Oil noise toy

WORD DRILL Oily voyage deploy
Oyster voice boy
Ointment avoid envoy
 1. oil the joint
2. noise outside
3. threw the toys and coins
4. noisy but coy
5. enjoyed the voyage
PHRASE DRILL 6. avoiding the boiler room
7. annoying voice
8. the boy’s choice
9. the coy employees
10.boil in oil
 /Ɔ/ /o/ / ƆI/

Lawn lone loin

Pause pose poise
CONTRAST Jaw joe joy
DRILL Gnaws knows noise
Fall foal foil
Raw row Roy
/aI/ /au/ / ƆI/
fine hour noise
Tire down avoid
Tide now point
Dine bout destroy
Ride sound choice
White found poise
Try noun annoy
Cried shout enjoy
Kite fowl coil
Might vouch ahoy
Buy about ointment
Style bow employ
Wine ouch poison
File owl coy
Right hound soil