Summer internship presentation

INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING
Submitted by:
Poonam Bhadu
B.Tech - 4thyr.(160452)
 GRID:-
Grid is a technical word used for the interconnection of
About the power received from more than more place. It is a
network of main power line for transmission of
220K electricity.
◎ INCOMING FEEDER: 
V ◎
◎
220kv GUDDA
220KV BARSINSAR 
Sub- ◎
◎
220KV SURATGARH 
400KV INTERCOLLECTOR-I 

Statio ◎
◎
400KV INTERCOLLECTOR-II
OUTGOING FEEDER:  1.132KV DULCHASAR
2.132KV NAPASAR 3.132KV
n,bika BHINASAR
5.132KV LUNKARANSAR
4.132KV DESHNOK

ner ◎  
THE YARD
 The yard is spread in a very long area. The yard of
220kv GSS near Haldiram Pyau, Bikaner has various
equipment installed are:
-Lightning arrestor -Power transformer
 -Wave trap -Bushing
 -Insulator -Isolator
 -Relays -Circuit
breaker
 - transformer -Bus bars
 
 IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
The electrical energy is used in home, industries, and agriculture and even in
transport. In agricultural, it is used for pumping water for irrigation and for
improving the method of production and numerous other options. Electrical
energy is a convenient form of energy because it can be generated centrally in
bulk and transmitted economically over long distance and is almost pollution free
at the consumer level and improvement in quality of life of the people depends
upon the supply of electrical energy that the annual per capita consumption of
electrical energy has emerged these days. Some of the advanced and developed
nations of North America and Europe have a very high annual per capita
consumption of electrical energy; say from 8 to 13 thousand KWH, while in most
of Africa, Asia and Latin America it is too low to be considered.
 What is
Substation
Substations serve as source of energy supply for the
local areas of distributions in which these are located.
Their main functions are to receive energy transmitted
at high voltage from the generating stations, reduce the
voltage to a value appropriate for local distribution and
provide facilities for switching. Some substations are
simply switching Stations where different connections
between various transmission lines are made, others are
converting substations which either convert ac into dc or
vice-versa or converts frequency from higher to lower or
vice-versa.
TRANSFORM
A transformer ERS
is a electrical device that transfers energy by inductive
coupling between its winding circuits. A varying current in the primary
winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus
a varying magnetic flux through the secondary winding. This varying
magnetic flux induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in the
secondary winding. 6

Instrument transformer
Instrument transformers are high accuracy class electrical devices used to
isolate or transform voltage or current levels.
Types of Instrument Transformers:-
1. Current Transformers
2. Potential Transformers
 Lightning
◎
Arrester
The device which is used for the protection of the
equipment at the substations against travelling
waves, such type of device is called lightning arrester
or surge diverter. In other words, lightning arrester
diverts the abnormal high voltage to the ground
without affecting the continuity of supply. It is 7
connected between the line and earth. If protection
fails or is absent, lightning that strikes the electrical
system introduces thousands of kilovolts that may
damage the transmission lines, and can also cause
damage to transformers and other electrical or
electronic devices.
Insulat
or necessary clearance between
◎ To provide
conductors and metal works, the conductors are
attached to insulators mounted on cross arms.
◎ Types of Insulators
◎  Pin Type Insulators 8
◎  Suspension Type Insulators
◎  Shackle Type Insulators
◎  Strain Type Insulators
◎ Post Type Insulators
 
9
 Circuit Breaker
The circuit breaker is one of the important equipment
in power system. It protects the system by isolating the
faulty section while the healthy one is keep on working.
Every system is susceptible to fault or damages while
can be caused due to overloading, short-circuiting,
earth fault etc. thus to protect the system and isolate
the faulty section C.B. are required. Apart from
breaking and making contacts, a C.B. should be capable
of doing.
• Continuously carry the maximum current at point of
installation.
•   Make and break the circuit under abnormal and
normal condition.
•  Close or open the faulty section only where fault
exists.
 
RELAYS
Relays must be able to evaluate a wide variety of
parameters to establish that corrective action is
required. Obviously, a relay cannot prevent the fault. Its
primary purpose is to detect the fault and take the
necessary action to minimize the damage to the
equipment or to the system. The most common 11

parameters which reflect the presence of a fault are the

voltages and currents.
Types of Distance relay:-
◎ Impedance relay
◎ Admittance relay
◎ Reactance relay
  various relays at control
room
 Isolator
When to carry out inspection or repair in the
substation installation a disconnection switch is
used called isolator. Its work is to disconnect the
unit or section from all other line parts on
installation in order to insure the complete safety of
staff working. The isolator works at no load
condition. They do not have any making or breaking
capacity. On fundamental basis the isolating
switches can broadly divided into following
categories:- . Diagram show in isolator
• Bus isolator
• Line isolator
• Transformer isolating switch
Control Room
Control panel contain meters, control switches and
recorders located in the control building. These
are used to control the substation equipment to
send power from one circuit to another or to open
or to shut down circuits when needed.
MEASURING INSTRUMENT USED:
• ENERGY METER
• WATTMETERS
• FREQUENCY METER
• VOLTMETER
• AMETER
• MVAR METER
Control Room in GSS Bikaner
CONCLUSI
ON
An Engineer need to have not just theoretical but practical as well as
and so every student is supposed to undergo a practical training
.session after 3rd year where I have impaired the knowledge about
transmission ,distribution .during the 30 days training session. we have
acquainted with the repairing of a transformer and testing of transformer.
14
At last is would like to say that practical training taken at 220kv GSS
Bikaner has broadened my knowledge and widened my thinking as a
professional.
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