Diarrhoea :

Its Importance and Prevention

Speaker : Dr. P. B. Saikia

MO (MBBS), Teok
FRU
Chairperson : Dr. A. Ahmed
SDM & HO, Bhogamukh Model Hospital
 Diarrhoea
 The word diarrhea is from the Ancient Greek.

 dia "through" and rheo "flow".

 Why diarrhoea ?
 2nd leading cause of death in children < 5 years of age.
৫ বছৰৰ তলৰ শিশুৰ মৃতযুৰ শিতীয় প্ৰধান কাৰণ ।
 Each year diarrhoea kills around 5,25,000 children under 5 years of age.
প্ৰশত বছৰৰ ৫,২৫,০০০ পাাঁচ বছৰৰ তলৰ শিশুৰ এই
ৰৰাগত মৃতযু হয় ।
 Leading cause of malnutrition in children < 5 years of age.
৫ বছৰৰ তলৰ শিশুত পুষ্টিহীনতাৰ প্ৰধান কাৰণ ।
 Why diarrhoea ?
 Globally, there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrhoeal disease every year.
প্ৰশত বছৰৰ শিশু আৱস্থাত ৰহাৱা ডায়শৰয়া ৰকছৰ সংখ্ুা
: ১.৭ বিবিয়ন
 Diarrhoea is preventable and treatable.
ডায়শৰয়া প্ৰশতৰৰাধ আৰু শচশকৎসা কৰাৰতা সম্ভব ।
Fig : Percentage of deaths among children under age 5 attributable to diarrhoea, 2015
 Meningitis, 1.8
Intrapartum, 11.5

Preterm, 27.5
Injury, 3.7

Other , 10.4

Pertussis, 0.4
Measles, 1.9

Sepsis, 7.9
Diarrhoea,
9.8 Tetanus, 0.5

Malaria, 0.6
Congenital, 9
AIDS, 0.3
Pneumonia, 14.9

Fig : Percentage deaths by specific cause among all under-five deaths in India, 2015
 Definition
সংজ্ঞা
Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day (or
more frequent passage than is normal for the individual).. ~ WHO

শবশ্ব স্বাস্থু সংস্থা মৰত শতশন বা তাৰতাশধক বাৰ শিলা বা

পনীয়া ৰিৌচ ৰহাৱা বা এজন বুক্তিৰ বাৰব সাধাৰণৰত
ৰহাৱাতকক অশধক পশৰমাণৰ ৰিৌচ ৰহাৱা ।
 What is NOT diarrhoea ?

1. Frequent passing of formed stools.

2. Passing of loose, "pasty" stools by breastfed babies.

 Why diarrhoea in children is dangerous ?

A child might lose as much water and electrolytes from the body during an
episode of diarrhoea as an adult which translates into a higher proportion of
total body water loss in the child.
 Cause of diarrhoea
ডায়শৰয়াৰ কাৰণ
Diarrhoea is usually a symptom of an
infection in the intestinal tract, which can be
ডায়শৰয়া অন্ত্ৰত
caused by : ৰহাৱা সংক্ৰমণৰ যাৰ
কাৰণ হ’ল :
1. Bacteria (E. coli, Shigella, Vibrio,
Salmonella) ১. ৰবৰেশৰয়া

2. Virus (Rotavirus) ২. ভাইৰাছ

3. Parasite (Entamoeba, Giardia)
৩. পৰজীৱী
Bacteria Virus
ৰবৰেশৰ ভাইৰাছ
য়া

Parasite /
 Source of infection
সংক্ৰমণৰ উৎস
 Contaminated water and food is the most common source of infection.

দশূ িত পানী আৰু খ্াদু সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰধান উৎস

।
Transmission of diarrhoea
Transmission of diarrhoea
 Clinical types of diarrhoea

1. Acute watery diarrhoea

2. Acute bloody diarrhoea (also called dysentery)

3. Persistant diarrhoea
 Prevention of diarrhoea
ডায়শৰয়াৰ প্ৰশতৰৰাধ
1. Safe drinking water.
১. শবশুদ্ধ ৰখ্াৱা পানী ।
2. Proper disposal of waste and
faeces. ২. সষ্টিকভাৰব
আবজজনা / মল
3. Hand washing with soap. শনষ্পশি কৰা ।

৩. চাৰবাৰনৰৰ হাত
 Prevention of diarrhoea
ডায়শৰয়াৰ প্ৰশতৰৰাধ
4. Food hygiene. ৪. খ্াদু সামগ্ৰীৰ সসৰত কাম
কৰৰাৰত স্বাস্থুকৰ
5. Health education about the
পশৰৰবি ৰক্ষা কৰা ।
disease

6. Exclusive breast feeding for the ৫. ডায়শৰয়াৰ শবিৰয়

first six months of life. সজাগতা ।

7. Rotavirus vaccination ৬. ৬ মাহ বয়সকলৰক

শিশুক ৰকৱল মাকৰ
 Safe drinking water
শবশুদ্ধ ৰখ্াৱা পানী
1. Contaminated water is a major source of infection leading to diarrhoea.

2. Boiling is an effective way of killing pathogens.

3. Care should be taken during storage and handling of water after boiling.
 Proper disposal of waste and faeces
সষ্টিকভাৰব আবজজনা / মল শনষ্পশি কৰা
1. Proper disposal of waste prevents contamination of water.

2. It prevents vectors from coming in contact with infective agents and carrying them to food items.

3. Use of sanitary toilets is effective way for disposal of human waste.

 Hand washing
চাৰবাৰনৰৰ হাত ৰধাৱা
1. Proper hand washing before preparing and eating food is must.

2. Hand should be washed properly after using toilet.

3. Proper washing with soap and water is effective.

4. It is simple and effective.

 Food hygiene
খ্াদু সামগ্ৰীৰ সসৰত কাম কৰৰাৰত স্বাস্থুকৰ পশৰৰবি
ৰক্ষা কৰা
1. Maintaining personal hygiene helps prevent not only diarrhoea but other diseases too.

2. Food should be cooked thoroughly

and raw food items should be
washed thoroughly.

3. Food should be covered properly.

4. It is better to avoid cold

and left over food.
 Health education about the disease
ডায়শৰয়াৰ শবিৰয় সজাগতা
Creating awareness regarding the disease, its causes
and the methods to prevent it in the community is
necessary.
 Breastfeeding and vaccination
1. Exclusive breast feeding for first six months of life.

2. Continue breastfeeding during an episode of diarrhoea.

3. Rotavirus vaccination according to National Immunization Schedule.

 Treatment of diarrhoea
ডায়শৰয়াৰ শচশকৎসা
1. Rehydration with ORS. ১. অ’ . আৰ . এচ পাউডাৰ
2. Zinc supplementation.
২. ক্তজংক ৰেবৰলে
3. Nutrient rich food.

4. Consulting with health professional. ৩. পুষ্টিকৰ খ্াদু

৪. শচশকৎসকৰ সসৰত
 Rehydration with ORS
1. WHO – ORS is effective in correcting
dehydration in patients with no dehydration or
some dehydration.

2. 1 sachet of ORS is to be dissolved in 1 L of

water.

এক ৰপৰকে
+
এক শলোৰ শবশুদ্ধ
 Zinc supplementation
1. Dose of zinc supplementation
1. Less than 6 months of age – 10mg per day
2. More than 6 months of age – 20mg per day

2. Duration of zinc supplementation : 14 days

 Nutrient rich food

1. Diarrhoea and malnutrition makes a vicious cycle.

2. Proper nutrition also helps to break this vicious cycle.

3. In case of growing children, proper nutrition is required for achieving proper growth and
development.
 Should the patient eat during diarrhoea ?

1. Feeding should continue during an episode of diarrhoea.

2. The WHO states "Food should never be withheld and the child's
usual foods should not be diluted. Breastfeeding should always be
continued."
 Consulting with health professional

1. Consultation with health professional is necessary especially in cases

of severe dehydration and in presence of blood in stool.

2. Patients with severe dehydration requires rehydration with intravenous

fluids.
 Conclusion

1. Diarrhoea can affect any age group.

2. Children are at an higher risk.

3. Contaminated food and water along with lack of hygiene is responsible for most
cases of diarrhoea.

4. Diarrhoea is preventable as well as treatable.

Thank you
ধনযিাদ