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Philosophically: The practical science of the morality of human act or conduct and
the good of life.
Science: Body of knowledge systematically arranged and presented in such
manner that it arrives at its conclusions coherently and logically.
Moral Philosophy: Branch of philosophy that deals with how we ought to live with
the idea of the Good and with concepts as ‘right’ and ‘wrong’
Philosophical Discipline: Deals with ultimate principles and truth concerning the
morality of human conduct and truth concerning the morality of human conduct
through the use of human reason and experience alone, without the aid of
supernatural reason or divine revelation.
Ethics and Morality distinguished
Ethics Morality
Gives ethics a
particular
Goodness or badness perspective of what
and Rightness or to study about- that is
wrongness of the the rectitude of
human conduct whether an act is
good or bad, right
and wrong
Ethics: A Philosophy of Action
• While ethics provides certain principles and guidelines
as to what is good and bad, right and wrong in human
conduct, it is morality which actualizes the theory.
• It enable us to reason out our moral beliefs and why we hold them.
• It will aid us to widen our horizon as to what is good and bad.
• Can deepen our reflection on the ultimate questions of life
• Without ethics, people and society in general would naturally and
expectedly deteriorate. When the moral foundation of a nation is
shaken, and at the brink of collapse, society itself, as its very core,
is also threatened- as to its very existence
• Ethics is the study of choices. Big and small the choice and decision
that we make in our individual and collective lives effect also the
kind of life we live to a considerable extent. Hence we become
good and bad persons through the choices we make.
• Moral decisions is oftentimes difficult. In here, there is a need for
us to pause and reflect as to what particular course of action to
take. Ethics can provide us with certain moral paradigms or
perspectives that will, in a way, guide us in determining what’s
right and wrong under such condition.
The Difference between Ethics and Law
• Ethical rules are necessary even if we have the laws that are
implemented by civil authorities since legality is not identical with
morality. At other times, what is moral is not always legal
• Laws are only concerned with actions that are usually public,
actions that in a way often harmed those around us while ethics
goes beyond the concern and parameters of law, for it includes
human motivations in its investigation.
• Laws are usually the product of a collective agreement of some
sort- a kind of a social contract where people come together and
decide among themselves what’s good and bad. Ethics talks about
what is right is right even though no one is doing it. Wrong is wrong
if even if everyone is doing it
The Distinction Between Ethics and Religion
Ethics Religion
Branch of philosophy that involves An organized collection of beliefs,
systematizing, defending, and cultural systems, and world views that
recommending concepts of right and relate humanity to an order of
wrong conduct existence.
Ground itself on reason and the Supposed authority of any holy book
wisdom of human experience and sacred writings
Relies on natural reason, logic and Relies primarily and mainly on
experiences, especially in the supernatural reason, that is- divine
justification and validation of certain revelation or diving authority.
theories and principles concerning
good and bad.
Division of Ethics
General Ethics Applied Ethics
Branch of Ethics which deals about the Branch of Ethics which deals with a
general principles of ethics. “General” specific case or a specific scenario. It is
means applicable to a lot of cases not “general”. Instead, it is “applied”.
without much exemption.
Deals with the morality of human acts Applies the specific and fundamental
and the specific determinants of norms and principles of General Ethics
morality in various specific areas of human life
and acitivity
TYPES OF NORMS
Technical Norm
This refers mainly to man’s needs which come from his bodily space-time
limitations. This norm has to do with survival, health, and well being
Examples:
Examples:
“One ought to follow the rituals set forth by her fraternity when it comes to accepting new
members
Aesthetic Norm
This refers to typical perceptual forms regarding color, shape, space, movement,
sound, feeling and emotion, touch and texture, taste, scent and odor.
Examples:
(All the other norms- technical, societal, aesthetic- are to be subordinated to this moral or ethical
norm)
Characteristics of
Moral Principles
Reasonability