Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
TERMINAL
BUILDINGS
Submitted By:
SAURAV KUMAR SAIKIA-CIB 14008
ANAND KUMAR-CIB 14046
SANJEEV KUMAR-CIB 14050
MD SOHAIL AHMAD-CIB 14048
RANJEET-CIB 14058
ABHISHEK KUMAR YADAV-CIB 14061
OBJECTIVES
i
OUTLINE
i
ii
3
5
7
9
10
12
15
18
21
24
25
26
27
28
29
ii
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
46
11. REFERENCES..……………………………………………………………….………47
iii
1. INTRODUCTION
The process of planning airport passenger terminal facilities needs to take
into account a multitude of safety, operational, commercial, financial, and
environmental considerations, as well as have regard to local government and
airline industry interests and aspirations (ACRP [1, page 9]).
5
2.1 Landside Facilities
6
2.1.1 Terminal Building
Terminal building is the main building where passengers
embark and disembark aircrafts.
The terminals are the ‘front door’ to the Airport and serve as
the public interface between the airside and landside elements.
8
3. TYPES
9
3.1 Linear/Curvilinear
Simplest & Most straight-forward
Simple organizational principles.
Consists of a single passenger processing area.
Primarily appropriate for low-activity O&P airports.
Centralized passenger processing.
Example-
McNamara Terminal of Detroit Metro Airport
3.1.2 Disadvantages
11
3.2 Pier/Finger
Figure 9: Basic Plan of Single Finger Figure 10: Basic Plan of Double Finger
Terminal (Terminal Design [11]) Terminal (Terminal Design [12])
Economical to build
Efficient use of land
Centralized resources, economies of scale (human facilities, amenities)
3.2.2 Disadvantages
14
3.3 Satellite
16
3.3.1 Advantage
3.3.2 Disadvantage
17
3.4 Transporter
Figure 15: Dulles International Airport Figure 16: Tampa International Airport (Tampa,
(Dulles, USA) (Dulles Airport [19]) USA) (Tampa International Airport [20])
19
3.4.1 Advantage
3.4.2 Disadvantage
20
3.5 Compact Model Unit Terminal
21
It is defined by the IATA [22] as 2 or more separate, self-contained building,
each housing a single airline or group of airlines, each having direct access to
ground transportation.
Example:- Kennedy International Airport, NY London Heathrow
Figure 18: Kennedy International Airport, Figure 19: Heathrow Airport, London
New York (American Airlines at JFK [23]) (Image Gallery london heathrow [24])
22
3.5.1 Advantage
3.5.2 Disadvantage
23
4. FUNCTIONS
24
5. PARTS OF A TERMINAL BUILDING
A terminal building could be made for passengers, cargo and for any other
specific purposes. It comprises the basic physical parts as (ACRP [25, pages
138-297])
Front side of the Terminal
Visitors Area and Check-in Area
Shop retails
Security Hold Area & Baggage Make Up area
Passengers Meet and Greet area
Airlines offices, counters for Tour and Travel agencies counters for
Taxi services
Lounges of Business class or Executive Class passengers
25
6. FACILITIES REQUIRED AT
TERMINAL BUILDING
26
6.1 Access and Landside Interface
27
6.2 Processing
Areas are designated for the formalities
associated with processing passenger.
The facilities include:
Airline ticket and passenger check-in.
Baggage check-in.
Gate check-in.
Incoming and outgoing customs.
Immigration control.
Figure 21: Security Check area (Gatwick’s Security check areas.
security [27])
Baggage claim.
28
6.3 Holding Areas
The areas where passengers wait, in some case with airport visitors,
between period occupied by passing through the various process.
The facilities required:
Passenger Lounges - general, departure and gate lounges.
Passenger Services Areas - wash rooms, internet access and public
telephone.
Concessions - restaurant, bar and duty-free shop.
Observation Decks and Visitors’ Lobbies.
6.4 Airlines and Support Activities
The design must also cater to the need of airlines, airport and support
personal working in the terminal area.
30
7. SERVICES REQUIRED AT
TERMINAL BUILDING
Check-in
Immigration Duties
Security Checks
Passenger Screening
Baggage Screening
Parking Facilities
Public Transportation
31
7.1 Check-In
32
7.2 Immigration Duties
Immigration responsible for:
Monitor persons who leave or enter the country, Checking
for appropriate documentation,
Arresting people wanted by international arrest warrants.
Block the entry of dangerous people to the country.
Passenger Screening:
Confirming the identity of
travelers, Checking a photo ID
& transports. Body Screening
using Metal Detector Gate
Baggage Screening using X-ray
machine
34
7.3.1 Passenger Screening
Purpose: to ensure that certain prohibited items don’t board commercial airliners.
Every passenger thus is screened by airport security staff using the latest screening
techniques to prevent any terrorist or criminal activity.
Every piece of luggage is screened for explosives using the latest technology and
equipment before being placed on a plane
37
7.5 Public Transportation
Figure 31: Taxi (Melbourne Airport Taxi Figure 32: Bus (Airport Bus
[38]) Service [39])
Figure 33: Local Train (Cheap Figure 34: Aero Train (GOOD DAY [41])
Transportation to Cologne [40])
38
8. FUTURE OF TERMINAL
BUILDINGS
Some of the characteristics of future terminal
buildings will be:
39
9. FEW FAMOUS AIRPORT
TERMINALS
Some famous terminals of the world are: (Francisco [44])
Figure 36: JKF International Airport Terminal 4 (New York City, United
States) (JFK T4A-X-Gary A. Li [45]) 40
Figure 37: Queen Alia International Airport Terminal D (Amman, Jordan)
(Come Fly Away [46])
41
Figure 38: Lion-Saint Exupery Airport Terminal 3 (Lyon, France) (saint
exupery [47])
42
Figure 39: Long Beach Airport Passenger Concourse (Long Beach, United States) (Dr.
J W Kim’s Blog [48])
43
Figure 40: Christchurch Airport Domestic Terminal (Christchurch, New
Zealand) (Christchurch Airport Images [49])
44
Figure 41: Changi International Airport Terminal, Singapore (Changi’s Jewel [50])
45
10. CONCLUSION
So, Terminal Buildings have today become an integral part of the air transport
system. Its size and capacity determines the flow, movement and efficiency in the
working of an airport. This presentation enabled us to critically analyze the various
aspects concerning the working and development of Modern Terminal Buildings.
Throughout the course of study, we found that there is an urgent need of expansion of
these buildings in order to cater to the needs of the booming population of the future. As
life standards of urban middle class has increased, more and more people are switching
to planes in order to travel. Most of the buildings are already working at full capacity
and some of them are so overpopulated leading to delay and cancellation of flights. This
also has adversely impacted the economy of the nation.
Many have suggested the concept of elevated circular runways having a big
landside area connected to the city underground as a suitable alternative. Also, the
concept of green and energy efficient buildings having a five star energy rating have
been encouraged by many leading aviation experts and organizations in order to
encourage environment friendly buildings and optimum use of energy and power
resources. Investing judiciously is actually the need of the hour. This measures will
ensure a safe, optimized, organized, wise, ethical, sustainable and longer run of airports
in the future.
46
11. REFERENCES
[1] Airport Cooperative Research Program (Report 25), Airport Passenger Terminal
Planning and Design, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 1st edition,
2010.
[2] pinimg. Pinterest. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
i.pinimg.com/originals/00/7a/15/007a15e96e2462c69b10bf0bc
8727b92.jpg.
[3] wordpress. tonyHwijaya around the world in 100 years. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017
from https://tonyhwijaya.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/2.jpg
[4] slideplayer. Airport Management. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://slideplayer.com/slide/6887226/23/images/35/Airport
+Structure+Landside.+Airside.
+Descriptions+of+airports+can+be+divided+into+landside+an
[5] d+airside..jpg
stock-photo. alamy stock-photo. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017
fromhttp://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/indira-gandhi-
[6] international-airport.html
Shamsudin, S. S. B., Adnan, A. I. B., and Mohammed M. F. B. Terminal Design.
Technical Report W.P. No. 2012-09-02, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor,
Malaysia, 2012. 47
[7] tagfly. bali_transport_system. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://tagfly.ru/cache/images/1085x1500_
%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_airport_bali.jpg
[8] amaliqmal. Terminal Design. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://www.slideshare.net/amaliqmal/terminal-design-
27782819
[9] emazeimages. Terminal Design. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/efdfd63d-7b3a-4163-
a7db-b6eedb011488/Slide28_Pic2_635854361149117340.jpeg
[10] blogspot. Terminal Configuration. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/X4rcAQCclVg/Uc0jgf7ryAI/AAAAAAAA
AXc/PWcmRlz25aA/s593/airport7a+(1).jpg
48
[13] Shamsudin, S. S. B., Adnan, A. I. B., and Mohammed M. F. B. Terminal Design.
Technical Report W.P. No. 2012-09-02, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor,
Malaysia, 2012.
[14] pinimage. Pinterest KIA. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/45/20/1f/45201fb5d5fc10e04b0d1b
efc582be39--kansai-airport-kansai-international-
airport.jpg
[15] emazeimages. Terminal Design. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/efdfd63d-7b3a-4163-
a7db-b6eedb011488/Slide28_Pic2_635854361149117340.jpeg
[16] airporthotelguide. Orlando Airport Information. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://www.airporthotelguide.com/wp-
content/uploads/orlando-airport-information.jpg
[17] slideshareimage. Terminal Design. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/terminaldesign-
131031112810-phpapp01/95/terminal-design-16-638.jpg?
cb=1383218987
[18] Shamsudin, S. S. B., Adnan, A. I. B., and Mohammed M. F. B. Terminal Design.
Technical Report W.P. No. 2012-09-02, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor,
Malaysia, 2012.
49
[19] fairfaxcountyeda. Dulles Airport. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/sites/default/files/phot
os/dullesAirportAtDusk.jpg
[20] staticflickr. Tampa International Airport. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3030/2956459901_9dfb103ec2
_o.jpg
[21] blogspot. Airport Design Passenger Terminal. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/Zs9xUmqYcUY/Vz_6lZSuuDI/AAAAAAA
AAjQ/hrvnAc2qiZYqQ1AZEinpBXVZRH8SQUI7gCLcB/s1600/Compact-
Modul.jpg
[22] International Air Transport Association, Airport Development Reference Manual
(ADRM), 9th Edition, January 2004.
[23] photoshelter. American Airlines at JFK. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://ssl.c.photoshelter.com/img-
get2/I0000MakImxHRZYU/fit=1000x750/JFK-Airport9617-10-
042.jpg
[24] loungeindex. Image Gallery london heathrow. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://loungeindex.com/Europe/UK/LHR/London-Heathrow-T5-
Aerial.jpg
50
[25] Airport Cooperative Research Program (Report 25), Airport Passenger Terminal
Planning and Design, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 1st edition,
2010.
[26] GoogleImages. Nadi Airport Guide. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://www.google.co.in/search?
hl=enIN&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=iHgEWrrVIoXZ0gSghLu4Ag&q=airport
+taxis&oq=airport+taxis&gs_l=psyab.3..0j0i24k1l9.26234.26
234.0.26672.1.1.0.0.0.0.182.182.0j1.1.0....0...1.1.64.psy
ab..0.1.181....0.XjURcTBQLmw#imgdii=3kDsFLeVZDhM:&imgrc=O
[27] dihI72XO-MfjM:
futuretravelexperience. Gatwick’s security. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://www.futuretravelexperience.com/wpcontent/uploads/2
[28] 011/10/gatwick-security-thumb.jpg
wordpress. Long Beach Airport. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://hlblighting.com/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/2015/1
[29] 1/Long-Beach-Airport_06-1310x873.jpg
bing. International Duty Free Images. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.Mb8BDT7za4CQ7obw-
[30] iJABgEsDH&w=160
blogspot. malaysia airlines thailand. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/cN6nKCbU93k/UTFr9JCoSqI/AAAAAAAA
AcI/0otMitYn4hw/s1600/IMG_1425.JPG
51
[31] Edwards B. The Modern Airport Terminal: New approaches to airport architecture.
Sapon Press, Madison Ave, NY, 2nd edition, 2005
[32] blogspot. Surabaya Airport. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-
BXesxe9BMJM/WQsJATnHNQI/AAAAAAAAAqE/4gxnQ7THAsxwds5FzRZRr
La9rmmO-exQCLcB/s1600/checkin-t2.jpg
[33] studenthub. Student Hub. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://www.studenthub.ug/uploads/careers/large/tQrzWIbZrV
qGAufvixhzpVmubX2Bhili.jpg
[34] securitynewsdesk. Aviation Security. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://www.securitynewsdesk.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/02
/SND16_AviationSecurity_1.png
[35] alamy. Passengers Stock Vector Images. Retrieved on 8 Nov. 2017 from
http://l7.alamy.com/zooms/3054dabb0b704d66acda63a4dde912c
5/eps8-editable-vector-cutout-illustration-of-hand-
luggage-and-passengers-f38wyn.jpg
[36] wp-content. 5 Airport Travels Tips and Tricks. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
https://www.mountainshuttle.com/wp-
content/uploads/investigation-reveals-that-most-airport-
security-incidents-come-from-employees.jpg
52
[37] yolasite. Airport Suppliers. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
http://as.yolasite.com/resources/Image1%20high%20res
%20Designa3%20Image20.jpg?timestamp=1405332128339
[38] wp-content. Melbourne Airport Taxi. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
http://13silverservice.com.au/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/t
axi-melbourne-airport-.jpg
[39] aeroportoguarulhos. Airport Bus Service. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
http://www.aeroportoguarulhos.net/en/files/2012/02/586x20
0xairport_bus_service_aeroporto_guarulhos.jpeg.pagespeed.
ic.Io8SQIwBY3.jpg
[40] wp-content. Cheap Transportation to Cologne. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
https://cdn.europeantraveler.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/0
1/Cologne-Bonn-Airport-Station.jpg?33ddd6
[41] lekumo. GOOD DAY. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
http://fmftp.lekumo.biz/good/images/2016/01/13/2klap.jpg
[42] Edwards B. The Modern Airport Terminal: New approaches to airport architecture.
Sapon Press, Madison Ave, NY, 2nd edition, 2005
53
[43] entrepreneur. Is this the Airport of the Future?. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
https://assets.entrepreneur.com/content/3x2/1300/13936178
24-this-airport-future.jpg
[44] Francisco. Top 5 Modern Airport Terminals. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
https://www.seatmaestro.com/top-5-modern-airport-
terminals/
[45] squarespace. JFK T4A-X-Gary A. Li. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/548f474fe4b062a568
ce763f/t/56885cf1a2bab85273784730/1451777285457
[46] architizer. Come Fly Away. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
http://architizer-
prod.imgix.net/mediadata/projects/142013/c717322e.jpg?
q=60&auto=format,compress&cs=strip&w=1680
[47] lelyondesgones. saint exupery. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
http://www.lelyondesgones.com/photos_grand_lyon/st_exuper
y/02_st_ex.jpg
[48] daum. Dr. J W Kim’s Blog. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
http://cfile238.uf.daum.net/image/2175A24B55CBBB290912A5
54
[49] nzhistory. Christchurch Airport Images. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
https://nzhistory.govt.nz/files/images/chch-airport-3.jpg
[50] asiaone. Changi’s Jewel. Retrieved on 9 Nov. 2017 from
http://www.asiaone.com/sites/default/files/original_image
s/Dec2014/changijewel19.jpg
55
LIST OF FIGURES