Chlorine Dioxide

Handling
General Notes for Chlorine Dioxide
 Producing Process for Chlorine Dioxide
 Chemical Reaction
 Explosion Hazard of ClO2
 Slow Decomposition of Chlorine Dioxide
 Advantages and Disadvantages ClO2
 Advantages of EASYZON 5
 Accident Prevention
 Summary
Producing Process for Chlorine Dioxide
(solely on site)
1) Hypochloric acid-chlorite process
5 NaClO2 + 4 HCl 4 ClO2 + 5 NaCl + 2 H 2O
(7.5%) (9.0%) approx. 10 min Rate: 85 – 90% EASYZON 5: 2 g/l (0.2%)
(25%) (33%) EASYZON D: 20 g/l (2%)
Chlorine dioxide: 15 – 20 g/l; immediately diluted on < 6 g/l

2) Chlorine-chlorite-process
NaClO2 + Cl2 2 ClO2 + 2 NaCl
(24.5%) (≥ 3 g Cl2/l) approx. 5 min Rate: up to 98%
Relationship chlorine/ chlorine dioxide is variably adjustable
Chlorine dioxide: 15 – 20 g/l; immediately diluted on < 6 g/l

3) Peroxide sulfate-chlorite-process
2 NaClO2 + Na2S2O8 2 ClO2 + 2 Na2SO4
approx. 24 h Rate: approx. 100%
Chlorine dioxide: < 6 g/l
Chemical Reaction
EASYZON employs the chlorite/acid method

5 NaClO2 + 4 HCl  4 ClO2 + 5 NaCl + 2 H2O

Sodium chloride Hydrochloric acid Chlorine dioxide Sodium chlorite Water
7.5% 9%
as per EN 938 as per EN 939

EASYZON 5: 2 g/l (0.2%)

EASYZON D: 20 g/l (2.0%) ≤ 2 g/l after dilution
EASYZON C: 20 g/l (2.0%) ≤ 2 g/l after dilution
Slow Decomposition of Chlorine Dioxide

6 ClO2 + 3 H2O → 3 HClO2 + 3 HClO3 HClO2: chlorous acid (chlorite)

HClO3: chloric acid (chlorate)
3 HClO2 → HCl + 2 HClO3
6 ClO2 + 3 H2O → HCl + 5 HClO3

 Drinking water ordinance: limit 0.2

mg/l chlorite after the end of
treatment (considered kept if max.
0.2 mg ClO2 /l addition)
 DIN EN 12671: “In aqueous
solutions, at dilutions between 0.5
g/l and 2 g/l and at dark storage,
chlorine dioxide is stable for a few
hours. It is generally recommended
to limit the storage times to less
than 30 minutes.“
Slow Decomposition of Chlorine Dioxide
Remaining quantity ClO2
100%

90% Loss approx. 13%

80%
70% EASYZON 5
in cold room
60%

50% EASYZON 5
in warm room
40%

30%

20% Loss approx. 80%

10% Conventional
method
0%
0 20 24 40 60 80 100 Time [h]

Due to an optimized reaction procedure the ClO2 from EASYZON 5 can be

stored for more than 24 hours.
The system is suitable for strongly deviating discharge quantities
Advantages and Disadvantages of ClO2
Advantages
No development of THM, bromate, chloramine and AOX as in chlorination
Safe disinfection (better than chloride) with long-term effect
More stable in the distribution system than chloride
Less odor and taste intensive than chloride
Disinfection is independent of pH value (pH: 4 – 10)
Biofilm damaged on a long-term basis
Only slowly undermined through organic water content substances
Fully developed and established technique

Disadvantages
Partially increased quantities necessary through attrition
Chlorite development (GW for drinking water: 0.2 mg/l)
Safety risk (hazardous substance)
Usage only recommended for up to 50 °C
In alkaline setting disproportion of chlorite and chlorate
Evaporation of ClO2
No safe killing of Legionella in amoebas
Advantages of EASYZON 5
Advantages of EASYZON 5
 No explosion risk at any time
as depressurized and clearly <
6 g/l ClO2
 The ClO2 can be stored due to
optimized reaction procedure
 The facility is suitable for
strong variable decreasing
quantities
Accident Prevention
General caution during the handling of chemicals
Accident Prevention
 Dried up sodium chlorite can ignite
inflammable materials
- Do not wipe with a cloth
- Wash all contaminated clothes
 Never mix acid and sodium chlorite
outside of the reactor
- Clearly mark all pipes
- Use separate collection trays
- Flush leakages with lots of water
 Obey VBG65 “Chlorination of water”
- Construction and equipment
- Signs
- Training and maintenance
Accident Prevention

Do not alternately use receptacles and devices!

Sodium chlorite + chlorine gas highly toxic

Sodium chlorite + acid chlorine dioxide
gas!

Sodium
MORTAL DANGER !
chlorite
NaClO2

In each room where sodium chlorite is handled

Summary
 Advantages of chlorine dioxide
- Effective also at high pH levels
- Higher disinfection potential than chlorine
- Produces no trihalomethanes
- Well suited for complex networks

 Disadvantage: only in situ production

 VBG65 “Chlorination of water” must be obeyed

 Notes on handling in DVGW W224 and W624

Chlorine Dioxide System EASYZON 5
 Simplified Process
 Flow Chart
 EASYZON 5
 Scope of Delivery
 Accessories
 In Short
Simplified Process

Consumer

Reactor

Tank

Water Acid Chlorite

Flow Chart

Product tank
NaClO2 HCl
H2O
 EASYZON 5

HCl (9%)
ClO2 (0.2%)
NaClO2 (7.5%)

Reactor

Water
Storage

HCl NaClO2

H2O
Scope of Delivery
 Control with peristaltic pumps
 Reactor with an agitator
 Suction lance for HCl and NaClO2
 Solenoid valves
 Product tanks
 Activated carbon cartridge
 Dosing pump for discharge
EASYZON 35 D...1400 D
 Production of chlorine dioxide
using the acid/chlorite method
 35 / 60 / 130 / 300 / 700 /
1400 g ClO2/h
 “D” = diluted
“C” = concentrated
 Product concentration 20 g/l
ClO2
Simplified Process

Consumer

Reactor

Tank

Acid Chlorite
EASYZON 35 D...1400 D

Water

NaClO2 HCl
7.5% 9%
Scope of Delivery
 Dosing pumps with pressure valve
 Calibration cylinder
 Flow controller
 Reactor in a protective cabinet
 Active ventilation
 Tap fittings for pre-dilution
 Control
- Manual operation
- Automatic with flow signal
- Automatic with ClO2 measurement
Accessories
 Collection tray for canister
 Warning sign sets
 Gas sensor
 Protective clothing
 Measuring equipment or photometer
In Short
 Performance range 36...1400
g ClO2/h
 In situ production
 Inexpensive
 Compact design
 Comfortable operation
 Integrated monitoring of all
functions
 Disinfection that is nearly
independent of the pH value
Planning Aid Drinking Water
Treatment

Mixing section
Tube separator
Injection point
Temperature! Water meter
Contact sequence!
PTFE tube
Pressure dimensioning!
Pressure reducer

Safety valve
Pressure dimensioning!

Protective trays
Injection Points for Chlorine
Dioxide
>= 0.5 m

approx. ½ D approx. 1½ D
D

theoretical distribution

real distribution
Area subject to possible corrosion
 Plastic tube or liner

ClO2 (0.2%)
Dosing of Chlorine Dioxide in
Drinking Water
 Proportional to water flow!
 Online measurement for
monitoring only
 Maximum quantity 0.4 g/m³
 Maximum content after
treatment 0.2 g/m³
 Water temperature < 50 °C
 Do not dose excessively old
solution; neutralize and dispose
Thank you very
much for your
attention