WCDMA L1 Tutorial

Compressed Mode
Overview
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Introduction

• Compressed Mode (CM) is a means by which the UE

makes measurements from another frequency in without
a full dual receiver terminal
– GSM measurements (RSSI, BSIC identification and reconfirmation)
– Interfrequency measurements (FDD)
• Transmission and Reception are halted for a brief period
(few milliseconds) in order to perform measurements
• Three main types of CM:
– CM by Spreading Factor reduction (SF/2), typically used for AMR voice
– CM by Higher Layer Scheduling (HLS), typically used for PS data
– CM by puncturing (not supported)
• Suggested Reading
– TS 25.331
– TS 25.212
– TS 25.215
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Configuration and Activation of Compressed Mode

• Compressed Mode info is included in a number of

messages from RRC
– Network can program transmission gap pattern sequences without
activating them
– UE will wait for activation or removal of these patterns
• Compressed Mode is configured by:
– Radio Bearer Setup
– Radio Bearer Release
– Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
– Physical Channel Reconfiguration
– Transport Channel Reconfiguration
• Compressed Mode is activated by:
– Physical Channel Reconfiguration
– Transport Channel Reconfiguration
– Measurement Control Message
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Transmission Gap (TG) Sequences

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #TGPRC
TG pattern 1 TG pattern 2 TG pattern 1 TG pattern 2 TG pattern 1 TG pattern 2

TG pattern 1 TG pattern 2

Transmission
Transmission Transmission Transmission gap 2
gap 1 gap 2 gap 1

TGSN TGSN

TGL1 TGL2 TGL1 TGL2

TGD TGD

TGPL1 TGPL2
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Transmission Gap Positions

Transmission gap

Transmission gap

Transmission gap

Radio frame
(1) Single-frame method

Transmission gap
First radio frame Second radio frame

:
:
Transmission gap

:
:
Transmission gap

Radio frame
(2) Double-frame method
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Transmission Gap Parameters

• TGSN (Transmission Gap Starting Slot Number)

– A transmission gap pattern begins in a radio frame, henceforward called first radio frame of the
transmission gap pattern, containing at least one transmission gap slot. TGSN is the slot number of the first
transmission gap slot within the first radio frame of the transmission gap pattern;
• TGL1 (Transmission Gap Length 1)
– The duration of the first transmission gap within the transmission gap pattern, expressed in number of slots
• TGL2 (Transmission Gap Length 2)
– The duration of the second transmission gap within the transmission gap pattern, expressed in number of
slots. If this parameter is not explicitly set by higher layers, then TGL2 = TGL1
• TGD (Transmission Gap start Distance)
– The duration between the starting slots of two consecutive transmission gaps within a transmission gap
pattern, expressed in number of slots. If this parameter is not set by higher layers, then there is only one
transmission gap in the transmission gap pattern
• TGPL1 (Transmission Gap Pattern Length)
– The duration of transmission gap pattern 1, expressed in number of frames
• TGPL2 (Transmission Gap Pattern Length)
– The duration of transmission gap pattern 2, expressed in number of frames. If this parameter is not
explicitly set by higher layers, then TGPL2 = TGPL1.
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Transmission Gap Parameters

• Network configures CM pattern sequences with the

following information:
– TGMP (Transmission Gap pattern sequence Measurement Purpose): Defines the
purpose the transmission gap pattern sequence is intended for. The following values
are used:
• for FDD measurements, one compressed mode pattern sequence can be
configured with purpose 'FDD measurement',
• for GSM measurements, three simultaneous compressed mode pattern
sequences can be configured with purposes 'GSM carrier RSSI measurement',
'Initial BSIC identification' and 'BSIC re-confirmation',
– TGPSI (Transmission Gap Pattern Sequence Identifier): selects the compressed
mode pattern sequence for which the parameters are to be set. The range of TGPSI
is 1 to 6.
• Transmission gap pattern sequence start and repetition:
- TGPRC (Transmission Gap Pattern Repetition Count): The number of transmission
gap patterns within the transmission gap pattern sequence
- TGCFN (Transmission Gap Connection Frame Number): The CFN of the first radio
frame of the first pattern 1 within the transmission gap pattern sequence.
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Compressed Mode Info

• Included in DL common optional parameters

– When included, the CM info is validated by CM driver to ensure parameters are
within expected ranges and are not in scenarios where range is valid but
pattern is not
• Valid ranges for CM parameters
Parameter Type and Range
TGCFN Integer (0..255)
TGPRC Integer (1..63, Infinity)
TGSN Integer (0..14)
TGL1 Integer(1..14)
TGL2 Integer(1..14)
TGD Integer(15..269), or
undefined = 0
TGPL1 Integer (1..144)
TGPL2 Integer (1..144)
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Compressed Mode Info Validation

• More validation
– There are countless dangerous scenarios that the CM driver checks for in the
CM info validation process

• Examples
– (TGL1 > TGD) && (TGD > 0)
• Gap 2 starts before Gap 1 ends
– [(TGSN + TGD + TGL2) > (TGPL * 15)] && TGD > 0
• Gap 2 exceeds pattern length
– (TGSN + TGL1 - 1) / 15 = (TGSN + TGD) / 15 && (TGD >0)
• Gap 2 starts in the same frame where Gap 1 ends
– Attempt to activate a pattern for the same measurement purpose (TGMP) as an
already active pattern
– Other TGMP collisions etc.
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CM Measurements

• L1CMMGR
– Opens gaps
– Triggers GSM or FDD measurements

• SRCHCMMEAS
– Determines usability of gap for measurements (e.g. does desired GSM burst fit
in usable gap)
– Stores cell lists for CM measurements
– Schedules commands to issue to MDSP

• SRCHGSMDRV
– Wrapper for using GL1 HW API

• SRCHCMDRV
– API for programming CM searches to MDSP firmware
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Measurements in Compressed Mode

Get WCDMA L1 modules

meas
data L1CMMEAS

Configure compressed mode

L1CMMGR

Trigger and do measurements

Add/ SRCHCMMEAS SRCHCMDRV

Delete
cells
Schedule Get
commands results
SRCHGSMDRV
(Command
Scheduler)
Wrapper for
GL1 HW APIs

GL1 HW drivers

Interface
to mDSP

mDSP
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GSM Measurements

• Maximum of 32 GSM cells in list

• RSSI measurements in frame N, MDSP cmd sequence
– GSM startup command sent in frame N-1
– Power Meas command 1 sent in N-1 for up to 5 bursts (0 to 4)
– Power Meas command 2 sent in N for rest of bursts
– GSM cleanup command sent in frame N
• FCCH tone detection in frame N, MDSP cmd sequence
– GSM startup command sent in frame N-1
– ACQ start command sent in frame N-1
– ACQ stop command sent in frame N
– GSM cleanup command sent in frame N
• SCH decode in frame N, MDSP cmd sequence
– GSM startup command sent in frame N-1
– Async Rx command sent in frame N-1
– GSM cleanup command sent in frame N
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Interfrequency Measurements

• For FDD, most of the same modules used in GSM

measurements are used
– L1CMMGR opens the gaps and triggers the searches
– SRCHCMMEAS determines gap usability, maintains cell lists etc.
– SRCHCMDRV is the set of API for issuing MDSP commands

• Recommended reading
– “FDD WCDMA Searches Inside And Outside CM Gaps” at
http://lvcrpprd.qualcomm.com/livelink/livelink?func=ll&objId=22642100&objAc
tion=browse
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Software Flow Chart (CM Info Validation)

dl_phychan_add_validate()
Validate physical channel parameters
to add a new physical channel

or

dl_phychan_recfg_validate()
Validate physical channel parameters
to reconfigure an existing physical channel

Phychan = DPCH

dl_validate_dpch_parms() Pass Fail the add/

No
Validate the parameters specific to DPCH Validation? reconfig

Yes

Finish DPCH
validation
Set flag to indicate CM
CM info info is present and valid
present?
No

Yes

l1_compressed_mode_validate_tgps_config()
Check for Activation of already Active Pattern, issue
deactive/active when necessary. Pass info to CM driver
for validation

l1_cm_validate_tgp_seq_info()
Validate all transmission gap parameters

l1_cm_tgmp_conflict_validate()
Ensure that ACT always precede DEACT, no TGPSI is
active at same time as another with same TGMP, etc.
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Software Flow Chart (Storing CM Info)

dl_phychan_frm_bdry_cmd()
Local command to handle frame boundary events

dl_phychan_notify()

dl_dpch_notify()

l1_compressed_mode_tgps_config()
Configure TGPS Compressed
Mode Sequences in Setup

l1_cm_update_info()
Mark ACT sequences as going
active and store their activation CFN.

l1_cm_initial_process_cm_info()
Processes CM info for any TGPS ACT or DEACT
request. Saves the request and also sets the action
needed field for newly added TGPS.
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F3 Messages

• CM info validation
– 15:50:42.194 l1cmmgr.c H 1391 L1CMMGR:Info validate
15:50:42.194 l1cmmgr.c H 1416 L1CMMGR:Validating Id 1 at idx 0
• CM info has been received and CM manager is validating seq ID 1 at index 0
– 15:50:42.194 l1cmmgr.c H 2419 L1CMMGR:Info Update CFN 134
SFN 1414
• CM info arrived at CFN 134
• CM Activation
– 15:50:42.194 l1cmmgr.c H 2041 L1CMMGR:Info Update init processing
15:50:42.194 l1cmmgr.c H 2102 L1CMMGR:Id 1 P_ACT CFN 156 cur 134
• Pattern to be activated at TGCFN 156 and current CFN is 134 so put as pending ACT.
– 15:50:42.194 l1cmmgr.c H 2148 L1CMMGR:#info/CMact 10002 Act 2 De 0
• Bit mask for ACT and DEACT in this MCM. Bit position corresponds to TGPSI.
In this MCM is it TGPSI 1 only to be activated
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F3 Messages

• More CM Activation
– 15:50:42.308 l1cmmgr.c H 3907 L1CMMGR:ActTime pId 1 cur at CFN 156
• There is advance update of compressed mode info by 8 frames so it is marked active for
stat generation.
– 15:50:42.308 l1cmmgr.c H 3965 L1CMMGR:Id 1 marked for ACT stat update
15:50:42.308 l1cmmgr.c H 2558 L1CMMGR:Init TGPS stats for Id 1
15:50:42.308 l1cmmgr.c H 2601 L1CMMGR:NumFr TGPS 1 left -1 initAdv 0
• -1 indicates infinite TGPRC
– 15:50:42.308 l1cmmgr.c H 3079 L1CMMGR:Id 1 resetting TGPRC at begining
15:50:42.388 l1cmmgr.c H 3953 L1CMMGR:Id 1 ACT CFN 156 cur 155
15:50:42.408 l1cmmgr.c H 2207 L1CMMGR:Id 1 RSSI meas exist
15:50:42.408 l1cmmgr.c H 3553 L1CMMGR:Id 1 going ACT CFN 156
15:50:42.408 l1cmmgr.c H 3556 L1CMMGR:TGPS_ACTIVATE ACT SFN 1436
• Compressed mode pattern going active now and has started sending commands to mDSP.
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F3 Messages

• Suspending CM
– l1cmmgr.c 7426 H L1CMMGR:Suspend rece CFN 249 st 256
– l1cmmgr.c 3264 H L1CMMGR:CM suspend time CFN 249
• Received a command to suspend compressed mode operation.
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Q&A