MOBILIZING PEOPLE DIRECTING

COMMUNICATION AS A PROCESS
SOURCE
THREE BASIC ELEMENTS: Encoding
1. Encoder MESSAGE
2. Message FEEDBACK

3. Decoder CHANNEL
Decoding
RECEIVER
 Communication that takes
place among individuals in the
organization following the lines
of the organizational chart is
called
formal organizational
communication.
 TYPES OF FORMAL ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION AND THEIR USES
UPWARD. This pertains to communication is used to promote the
goals, discharge the functions, and work through the structure of
organizations.
LATERAL. Refers to communication that flows from any position in
the organization to another position horizontal where it is found on
the organizational chart.
DOWNWARD. Pertains to communication that flows from any
position in the organization to another position below where it is
found on the organization chart.
 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
MOTIVATION. Consists of a set of factors that explain why
people behave the way they do in organizations.
Theories on motivation are two types:
Content theories of motivation
Process theories of motivation
CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
-Abraham Maslow
-Five Basic Human Needs
 Alderfer’s ERG Theory.
- Clayton Alderfer
- With similarity to the hierarchy
of needs.
 McClelland’s Acquired Needs
Theory.
- David McCleland
- Need for Achievement
- Need for Power
- Need for Affliation
 Herzberg’s Two-Factor
Theory
- Frederick Herzberg
 TWO FACTORS LINKED TO EMPLOYEE
JOB SATISFACTION
HYGIENE FACTORS MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS
Working Conditions  Achievement
Supervision  Responsibility
Salary  Recognition
Job Security
 Advancement
Status
 Growth in the Job
 PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
Needs-Goals Theory
Expectancy Theory of Motivation
Equity Theory of Motivation
LEADING VS. MANAGING
LEADERSHIP STYLES
 STYLES BASED ON THE USE OF AUTHORITY
Managers make decisions at varying levels of
authority and autonomy given to subordinates.
 Boss Centered
 Autocratic Leader
 Subordinate Centered
 Consultative Leader
 Democratic Leader
 Participative Leader
STYLES BASED ON LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR

TWO DIMENSIONS:
 Structure Behavior
 Consideration Behavior
STYLES BASED ON LEADERSHIP SITUATIONS
SITUTIONAL FACTORS
Subordinate-related
Work-environment
DIRECTING LEADERSHIP STYLE
SUPPORTING LEADERSHIP STYLE
COACHING LEADERSHIP STYLE
DELEGATING LEADERSHIP STYLE
DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE
LEADER EFFECTIVENESS AND CULTURE
1. Power Distance 8. Future Orientation
2. Uncertainty Avoidance 9. Performance Orientation
3. Humane Orientation
4. Institutional Collectivism
5. In-Group Collectivism
6. Assertiveness
7. Gender Egalitarianism
DIFFERENT LEADERSHIP STYLES ALSO EMERGED FROM THE
GLOBE RESEARCH PROJECT. THEY ARE THE FOLLOWING:
1. Value-Based – Core Values
2. Team Oriented – Collaboration
3. Participative – Inputs from others
4. Humane Oriented – Concern for the well-being of others
5. Self-Protective – Status
6. Autonomous – Independence