BIOMASS ENERGY

Prepared by: Anoopraj M.R.

Asst. professor, EEE, SJCET
 BIOMASS
 Biomass – general term for living material – plants,
animals, fungi, bacteria .
 Energy from biomass – Biomass energy

 Photosynthesis is primarily responsible for

generation of biomass energy.
 Photosynthesis: is the process by which autotrophic
organisms use light energy to make sugar and
oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water.

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 BIOMASS
 Biomass is converted into high quality useable solid,
liquid and gaseous fuel called Biofuels:
 Fuel wood

 Charcoal

 Briquettes

 Bio-Diesel

 Bio-ethanol

 Biogas
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 Producer gas
 FUEL WOOD
 Oldest source of biomass energy.

 Direct combustion – simple way to obtain heat

energy.

 Energy density – 16-20 MJ/kg

 Can be converted to other biomass forms such as

charcoal or producer gas.

 Causes environment pollution.

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CHARCOAL

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 CHARCOAL
 Smokeless, dry, solid fuel with high energy density.
(Black in colour)

 Produced by carbonization of woody biomass

 Modern charcoal furnaces operate at about 600⁰C to

produce charcoal from 25-30% of dry mass feed.

 It contain 75-80% carbon and is useful as a compact

fuel.

 It can be burnt to provide heat for domestic,

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commercial and industrial applications.

 FUEL PELLETS & BRIQUETTS
 Biomass Pelletization & briquetting means
densification of loose biomass into high density
solid fuel.
 It is done by compression under a die at high temp.
& pressure.
 Biomass of any form such as straw, cotton sticks,
rice husk, coconut shells ,saw dust and wood chips
can be converted into briquettes.
 It reduces the volume to weight ratio –Makes easy
transportation
 Biomass briquettes can replace ‘C’ grade coal used
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in industrial boilers.
 BIO-DIESEL
 Some vegetable oils (edible as well as non –edible)
in pure form or blended with petroleum products can
be used as motor vehicle engine fuel.
 Non toxic and free from other pollutants

 Jetropha and Karanj are most promising bio-diesel

resources.

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 Bio-Ethanol

 Biogas: from organic waste

 Producer gas: (synthesis gas)

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 BIOMASS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
 Densification
-Pelletization & Briquetting
 Combustion & Incineration
 Thermo-Chemical conversion

 Pyrolysis
 Gasification
 Liquefaction
 Bio-Chemical conversion

 Anaerobic digestion 10

 Ethanol fermentation
 THERMO CHEMICAL CONVERSION
 It is a process to decompose biomass with
various combinations of temperatures and
pressures.

it includes:

 pyrolysis

 gasification

 liquefaction
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 BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION

 Anaerobic digestion
 Ethanol fermentation

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BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM WASTE BIOMASS

 Energy available from the combustion of biomass is

60-90% of the input dry matter combustion.

Anaerobic digestion – various stages 13

Any Questions??

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