Part I:

d’s Stages of
Introduction
nts

xual Development
ity D
B
“Freud’s
nt Psychoanalytic

E A Theory”

C Module 5

Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud
1 was an Austrian neurologist and the
father of psychoanalysis
2 his views about human development are
more than a century year old
3 is most well known for his interesting
theory about the unconscious and also
about sexual development
4 his theory remains to be one of the most
influential in psychology
Psychoanalysis 04
make the unconscious
concious
The aim is to release 03
repressed emotions and
experiences and--

Freud believed that

people could be cured by
02
It is a form of
making conscious their psychological therapy.
unconscious thoughts.

01
 Genital Stage
Latency Stage
Phallic Stage
Anal Stage
Oral Stage

Freud’s Stages of
Psychosexual Development
Erogenous Zones
01 According to Freud, a person goes through the
sequence of these five stages.

Freud identified specific erogenous zones

02 (pleasure areas) for each change
development.
Fixation

01 Results from failure to satisfy the needs of

a particular psychosexual needs
Oral Stage
1 0—8 months

2 stimulation of the mouth produces

pleasure
3 babies experience world through their
mouth
4 fixated = smoking, over-eating, nail
biting, and chewing on pencil as adults
Anal Stage
1 18—36 months

2 stimulating of anal region produces

pleasure
3 toddlers experience conflict over toilet
training
4 fixated = “anal retentive” or “anal
expulsive”
holding everything in, obsessive
about cleanliness
messy and disorganized
Phallic (Oedipal) Stage
1 3—6 years
2 most crucial stage
3 self-stimulation of the genitals produces
pleasure
4 Oedipus/Electra Complex
5 boys = pride and pleasure in having a penis
6 girls = “penis envy”
7 at the end of Phallic Stage, personality is
fundamentally formed
Latency Stage
1 6 years—puberty

2 sexual feelings exist, but are not yet

developed or shown
3 child avoids members of the other gender

4 “cootie stage”
Genital Stage
1 puberty onward

2 adolescent adult has mature sexual

feelings and experiences pleasure from
sexual relationship with others
Freud’s Personality
Components
The Id
The id is the only component of
personality that is present from birth.

The id is driven by the pleasure principle

and avoids pain at all cost.

When id needs something, it wants it now

and wants it fast!

The “BAD BOY” of our subconscious.

Nothing else matters to the id except the
satisfaction of its own needs.
The Ego
It slowly begins to emerge as the baby
turns into a toddler then into a
preschooler.

The ego operates based on the reality

principle. It is aware that others also have
needs to be met.

The ego lies in the middle of id and

superego and is in constant struggle to
balance the two.

The only way to mediate the needs of the

pleasure-seeking id and the moral
superego.
The Superego
According to Freud, the superego begins
to emerge at around age five.

This part of the psyche is the total

opposite, and wants to control the id
from causing serious damage.

The ego ideal includes the rules and

standards for good behaviors.

The conscience includes information

about things that are viewed as bad by
parents and society.
What happens when there is an imbalance?

1 According to Freud, the key to a healthy

personality is a balance between the id, the
ego, and the superego.
2 Freud believed that an imbalance between
these elements would lead to a maladaptive
personality.
 2

Effects of the imbalance

01 An individual with an overly dominant id,

for example, might become impulsive,
uncontrollable, or even criminal.

02
An overly dominant superego, on the
other hand, might lead to a personality
that is extremely moralistic and possibly
judgmental.

03 An excessively dominant ego can also

result in problems. This individual may
seem very concrete and rigid, incapable
of accepting change and lacking an
internal sense of right from wrong.
The Iceberg
Metaphor
Topographical Model
Conscious Mind—is what a person is
aware at any given moment (reality).

Preconscious/Subconscious Mind—may
be defined as available memory. The thing
a person is not thinking about right now.

Unconscious Mind—things that people

cannot become aware of easily.

Nonconscious Mind—We are not aware

of or have not experienced.