HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY

The Foundations of Cultural Understanding

YANA RESPATI DEWI, SE., MM

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE IN GLOBAL BUSINESS

• Understanding a country’s history is critical

in gaining knowledge of the culture.
• History is subjective
– Examples:
• Crossing Borders
• How the U.S. and Mexico define their
relationship
• Manifest Destiny and the Monroe
Doctrine
 GEOGRAPHY AND GLOBAL MARKETING

• Effects that Climate & Topography have on

International Marketing:
– Physical barriers effect the country’s
economic growth and ability to trade
– Need to understand the effects that
geography has on countries’ ability to
supply needs, transport products, and
impact the economy
– Examples of countries that were able to
overcome their geographical limitations
GEOGRAPHY, NATURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Less-privileged countries suffer

disproportionately from natural disasters over
more economically stable countries
 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
Perlindungan lingkungan bukan masalah yang sepele,
tetapi lebih merupakan kebutuhan dan merupakan
bagian yang semakin penting dalam melakukan bisnis
1. Mempertahankan pertumbuhan ekonomi sambil
menyeimbangkan perlindungan lingkungan telah
menjadi perhatian utama bagi bisnis di seluruh
dunia
2. Membentuk organisasi untuk mengatasi masalah ini
3. Banyak organisasi dan lembaga pemerintah diatur
oleh konsep yang disebut "pembangunan
berkelanjutan"
 RESOURCES
The availability of natural resources has in impact on
economic growth
– Petroleum is one of the most import resources that
nations need to supply energy, power, transportation…
 WORLD POPULATION TRENDS
• Consider the growth and decline of populations
throughout the world and the effect it has on
supply and demand of products and services
– Population increasing in under-developed
countries vs. population decreasing in
developed countries
• Consider the effect an aging population has on a
country’s economy and ability to provide for
older generations
– Japan example
 WORLD POPULATION TRENDS
• Population Control
– Moral issue, political issue, or economic
issue?
– Prerequisites to population control include:
• Adequate incomes, higher literacy levels,
education for women, universal access to
health care, family planning, improved
nutrition, and most critical a change in
cultural beliefs and values
WORKER SHORTAGE & IMMIGRATION
• A balance is needed between countries that
are facing explosive populations (less-
developed countries) and worker shortages
that will face declining population growth
areas (developed countries)
– Consider Mexico and the U.S.
• What opportunities and challenges will
both face with immigrants coming to
the U.S. from Mexico?
WORLD TRADE ROUTES & COMMUNICATION LINKS

• World Trade Routes

– Developed to overcome economic
challenges and imbalances created by the
geography of the country
• Communication Links
– The method by which countries use
communication channels to facilitate trade
• Telephone, satellites, computer, internet
I’LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK
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