Intel Do-It-Yourself Challenge

Lab 2: Intel Galileo’s Linux side

Nicolas Vailliet
www.Intel-Software-Academic-Program.com
paul.guermonprez@intel.com
Intel Software
2014-02-01
 Prerequisites and objectives
We assume that:
- You are able to download an archive, to unzipped it and run a program under
the OS you’re familiar to.
- You are able to read pieces of code and comments written in a C-like language.

Our objective are:

- Given a laptop, a Galileo board, its power supply, a micro SD card we provide,
and a Wi-Fi adaptor, you’ll be able to plug all these tools together, and to
connect to the board over the network to browse its file system.
- Given the previously stated tools, and demo binaries, you’re able to compile/run
programs in Bash, C, C++, Node.js, Java and Python.

In general,
Our goal is to point out that Galileo Arduino support is implemented under Linux. It
also explains how to use bash interpreter to perform the same actions than with an
Arduino sketch.
Before you start
 What do you need?
Desktop OS
We assume you’re under Microsoft Windows.
Linux and Mac users should not have any problem to do the same.

Hardware
- An Intel Galileo Development Board.
- The box comes with power supply and cable.
- A Wi-Fi adaptor (N-2200 Mini-PCIe)
- A micro SD card (8GB with the full Linux image we provide)

Software
A SSH client like Putty for Windows. Mac and Linux users only need a terminal.
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html

If needed, we posted demos and Linux images on our website

http://www.intel-software-academic-program.com/pages/courses
Galileo’s Linux side
 Galileo’s operating systems
By default, a simple firmware
It runs a sketch uploaded by the Arduino IDE. But you can add a microSD card with a customed
Linus distribution.

A tiny Linux image

Available on Intel Galileo drivers webpage (DOC-22226 on Intel Communities). It contains all
common tools from the embedded world. Compiled with uclibc.

A Linux Standard Base (LSB) image with debug tools

We created a full image with Yocto to run other x86 applications. Compiled with eglibc, it can
run C++ program with libraries like OpenCV, compiled for Intel Quark (i586).

A Debian distribution
It’s possible to have a Debian distribution (i386) which is almost compatible with Pentium-4-like
Quark’s set of instructions (i586).

Windows 8.1 kernel running on Galileo???

Yes, Microsoft did it! It works and it’s free!

Let’s try the LSB image with debug tools!

 Plug – Boot – Connect
Preparing the board
- Insert the micro SD card into the board’s slot
- Insert the Wi-Fi adaptor into the mPCI-e slot
- Power on the board
- Wait a minute

On your computer
- Connect to “intel” Wi-Fi network
- Run putty.exe
- Host name is : root@192.168.2.1XX
- Click on Open
- You’re connected to your board

- Linux and Mac users run “ssh root@192.168.2.1XX” in their terminal.

NB: Your board’s IP address is on your Wi-Fi adaptor.

NB: Please connect to “intel” or “intel2” networks. Balance traffic between both.
Extra: WinSCP tutorial
 WinSCP
Specifying connection information
- Start WinSCP
- Click on New Site
- Select SCP as file protocol
- Host name is your IP address
- Port Number is 22
- User name is root
- No password
- Click on Save and then OK

Login and security confirmation

- Click on Login
- Click on Yes to accept the host key

Your are now connected to the board. You are able to browse its file system.
 WinSCP
Transmitting files from/to the Galileo board Linux file system

Drag and drop files!

Your computer file system Galileo board file system

 WinSCP
Some tips
- After a ‘drag and drop’, click on OK and the file will be
transferred!
- It also works in the other way, from the board to your
computer!
- You can also perform actions like deletion and moving
files.
- If you try to open a file from Galileo, it will open a text
editor on your computer and send it back to the board
each time you modify and save it.
 Linux and Mac Users
SCP command for files
To transfer files, simply use ‘scp’ command.
# scp file.txt root@192.168.2.1XX:~

SCP command for files and directories

Add –r to copy recursively (ie. copies directories)
# scp –r folder root@192.168.2.1XX:~

Moving and deleting files

You can perform other actions after connecting with ssh
command.
Going back to Galileo’s Linux side
 Configuration
Setting system date and time up
(replace with the current date)
# date –s “01 APR 2014 12:00:00”
(needed to avoid compiling warnings and SSL certificates).

Installing a “more user-friendly” text editor

VI is available by default. But Nano is maybe easier to use…
No Emacs, sorry 

# cd ~/tools/nano-2.2.6
# ./configure
# make install
(NB: Don’t run make, we have already done it!)

We compiled Nano sources before.

Nano is now available by running ‘nano’ in a terminal.
Connect to intel2 wifi hotspot (1/2)
30 Galileo boards and up to 60 laptops on the same Wi-Fi access point?
Your Galileo will connect to “intel” Wi-Fi hotspot by default.
Half of you should connect to “intel2”, doing the following:

Finding your access point

#connmanctl
#connmanctl>scan wifi
#connmanctl>services
Copy wifi_9c4e3602d7d8_696e74656c32_managed_psk
#connmanctl>exit

Adding intel2 configuration

#nano /var/lib/connman/wifi.conf
Copy and paste the existing configuration to the end of the file.
Change service and name.
It should look like this:
//previous config +
Connect to intel2 wifi hotspot (2/2)
Adding intel2 configuration
[service_wifi_9c4e3602d7d8_696e74656c32_managed_psk]
Type = wifi
Security = wpa
Name = intel2
Passphrase = hackathon

Restart connman to load the new configuration and connect to intel2

#/etc/init.d connman restart (wait for auto reconnect)
#connmanctl
#connmanctl>connect wifi_9c4e3602d7d8_696e74656c32_managed_psk
#connmanctl>exit

You’re now connected on « intel2 », Thank you 

 Compiling/Running Hello World
Try to execute some Hello World programs
Look at ~/labs/helloall files
Hello World programs are here to tell you which languages are available on this Linux
distribution. Adding other language is possible. However, you need to compile compilers and
tools to i586.

C and C++,
# gcc hello.c –o hello
# ./hello
(G++ and GDB are also available.)

Bash
# ./hello.sh

Node.JS 0.8.18
# node hello.js

Python 2.7.3
# python hello.py

Java SE 1.7 for embedded

# java Hello
 Accessing GPIO under Linux
Accessing GPIO from file system
GPIO chip controllers are exported to Linux file system in /sys/class/gpio

Controlling digital output 7 (see next slide for GPIO numbers mapping)
~# echo -n "27" > /sys/class/gpio/export
~# echo -n "out" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio27/direction
~# echo -n "strong" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio27/drive
~# echo -n "1" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio27/value
~# cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio27/value

Accessing analog input voltage (to be previously set up, see next slide)
~# cat /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio\:device0/in_voltage0_raw

How to use these file with programming language?

Open and write values in files you need to.
The method is the same than in a Bash script.
 GPIO mapping
On-board number Linux fs number Settings
Digital 0 gpio50 Gpio40 = 1
Digital 1 gpio51 Gpio41 = 1
Digital 2 gpio32 Gpio31 = 1
Digital 3 gpio18 Gpio30 = 1
Digital 4 gpio28
Digital 5 gpio17
Digital 6 gpio24
Digital 7 gpio27
Digital 8 gpio28
Digital 9 gpio19
Digital 10 gpio16 Gpio42 = 1
Digital 11 gpio25 Gpio43 = 1
Digital 12 gpio38 Gpio54 = 1
Digital 13 gpio39 Gpio55 = 1
Analog 0 in_voltage0_raw Gpio37 = 0
Analog 1 in_voltage1_raw Gpio36 = 0
Analog 2 in_voltage2_raw Gpio23 = 0
Analog 3 in_voltage3_raw Gpio22 = 0
Analog 4 in_voltage4_raw Gpio21 = 0 & Gpio29 = 1
Analog 5 in_voltage5_raw Gpio20 = 0 & Gpio29 = 1
 Next steps
A simple demo with LED and sensor
We will show you that Arduino is a C program by using its
library, in a short demo. The same demo is implemented in
bash, C, and node.js.

Web LED controller demo

Thanks to Node.JS, controlling Galileo from a web interface
is easy!

Controlling servo motors

USB ports on Galileo are useful.
Let’s control servo motor!
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