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Serrano, Juan Pedro; Latorre, Jose Miguel; Gatz, Margaret; Montanes, Juan
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of life review based on
autobiographical retrieval practice for treating depressed older adults. Forty-three adults
aged 65-93 with clinically significant depressive symptomatology and no dementia were
randomly assigned to treatment or to no treatment. The results indicated significant
differences between experimental and control groups after 4 weeks of autobiographical
retrieval practice. At posttest, those in the treatment condition showed fewer depressive
symptoms, less hopelessness, improved life satisfaction, and retrieval of more specific
events. The findings suggest that practice in autobiographical memory for specific events
may be among the components of life review that account for its effectiveness and could
be a useful tool in psychotherapy with older adults.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012 Dec;43 Suppl 1:S12-20
This report describes the effects of a specific event group-based training programme
on autobiographical memory, self-consciousness of memory retrieval, and depression
symptoms in a sample of 24 schizophrenic patients (experimental group). Twenty-six
matched schizophrenic patients who participated in social skills and occupational
therapy group sessions constituted the active control group. Participants in the
experimental group were trained to complete a diary with specific daily memories,
followed by patients' ratings of the associated emotional arousal of those entries.
During training, significant specific events from childhood, adolescence, adulthood and
the previous year were also reviewed. After 10 weeks of group-based sessions, the
experimental group demonstrated an increase in their degree of specificity for
autobiographical retrievals, had a higher level of consciousness of their memories and
showed a decrease in their depression scores. Significant changes in measurements of
retrieval specificity and autonoetic awareness were maintained when changes in
emotional symptomatology were statistically controlled. These results suggest that
cognitive training strategies based on event-specific autobiographical memory training
should be considered for inclusion in intervention programs for schizophrenic patients.
Clinical Psychological Science, 1, 84-92. 2013
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of memory specificity training
(MEST) on autobiographical memory recall and depression. Afghan adolescents with
depression were randomly assigned to a MEST group or to a control group. At baseline,
both groups completed Persian versions of the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) and
the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). The MEST group then had five weekly
group sessions of MEST. The control group had no additional contact. The AMT and
MFQ were then readministered to all participants, and the MFQ was readministered at 2-
month follow-up. The MEST group retrieved a higher proportion of specific memories
following training and had lower levels of depression at 2-month follow-up than did the
control group. Change in memory specificity predicted follow-up depression over and
above baseline depression and mediated the relationship between receipt of MEST and
reduction in later depression. The results suggest that MEST can improve
autobiographical memory performance and drive subsequent reduction in depression
symptoms.
DEZVOLTAREA UNEI METODOLOGII DE TERAPIE PRIN TEATRU CU EFECT LA NIVEL NEUROCHIMIC ȘI
NEUROCOGNITIV(MET)
Proiectul“MET” (SMIS 106688, ID P_37_710, contract de finanțarenr. 147 din 26.10.2016) esteco-finantatdin
FondulEuropean de DezvoltareRegionalaprinProgramulOperational Competitivitate2014 – 2020, Axa
prioritară1, Acțiunea1.1.4 Atragerea de personal cu competențeavansatedin străinătatepentruconsolidarea
capacitățiide CD
Etapa I-a MET-M1
Testarea eficientei diferitelor tehnici in declansarea de amintiri
Paired Differences
Emotionally charged autobiographical memories across the life span: The recall of happy,
sad, traumatic and involuntary memories
Abstract
A sample of 1,241 respondents between 20 and 93 years old were asked their age in their
happiest, saddest, most traumatic, most important memory, and most recent involuntary memory.
For old respondents, there was a clear bump in the 20s for the most important and happiest
memories. In contrast, saddest and most traumatic memories showed a monotonically decreasing
retention function. Happy involuntary memories were over twice as common as unhappy ones,
and only happy involuntary memories showed a bump in the 20s. Life scripts favoring positive
events in young adulthood can account for the findings. Standard accounts of the bump need to
be modified, for example, by repression or reduced rehearsal of negative events due to life
change or social censure.
University of Southampton
researchers found that looking back in
time can help maintain feelings of
self-worth and contribute to a
brighter outlook
Elderly people are more likely to express admiration for music that they
heard in their 20s over music they heard earlier or later in life. After 24,
people stop acquiring as much new music, or if they do, they do not
report as much preference or pleasure from it (New York Times, 25 Mai
2011)
• Deschiderea spre experienţe reprezintă tendinţa de a fi deschis la o gamă
variată de experienţe, de a fi creativ şi tolerant. Oamenii cu scoruri ridicate
sunt mai deschişi la schimbare
• “Organs have a reserve ability to function beyond the usual needs. For example,
the heart of a 20-year-old is capable of pumping about 10 times the amount of
blood that is actually needed to keep the body alive. After age 30, an average of
1% of this reserve is lost each year”
Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Apr;30(4):507-14. doi: 10.1016
Salthouse TA
Cross-sectional comparisons have consistently revealed that increased age is associated with
lower levels of cognitive performance, even in the range from 18 to 60 years of age.
However, the validity of cross-sectional comparisons of cognitive functioning in young and
middle-aged adults has been questioned because of the discrepant age trends found in
longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. The results of the current project suggest that a
major factor contributing to the discrepancy is the masking of age-related declines in
longitudinal comparisons by large positive effects associated with prior test experience.
Results from three methods of estimating retest effects in this project, together with results
from studies comparing non-human animals raised in constant environments and from
studies examining neurobiological variables not susceptible to retest effects, converge on a
conclusion that some aspects of age-related cognitive decline begin in healthy educated
adults when they are in their 20s and 30s.
Virusii care scriu amintiri
• Se ştie cӑ evoluţia poate fi declanşatӑ de schimbӑri ȋn mediu (climatice, de
relief sau ȋn calitatea/cantitatea hranei) dar şi de invadarea organismelor de
cӑtre viruşi.
• Dintre retroviruşii umani (numiţi HERVs) cel mai probabil candidat pentru
infecţia cu retroviruşi este numitul HERV-K
• Se ştie cӑ au fost mai multe valuri ale infectӑrii hominidelor cu variante ale
HERV-K.
• Este interesant cӑ unul a fost acum 100.000 -200.000 de ani, adicӑ cu puţin
ȋnaintea apariţiei Homo Sapiens şi a omului de Neanderthal
• LINEs şi SINEs sunt parte din familia retrotransposonilor, elemente mobile din
genom situate la nivelul zonelor non-codante ale ADN-ului, LINEs reprezentând
21% din genomul uman iar SINEs 13%
• Singura linie de L1 care este activă la ora actuală la oameni a evoluat acum 2,7
milioane de ani, după separarea hominidelor de cimpanzei – o perioadă când
acestea au început să utilizeze unelte (Gage şi Muotri, 2012)
• Identitatea de grup socială şi culturală leagă indivizi, crează coeziune de grup, dar
şi “imunitate” faţă de conţinuturi cognitive diferite (numită “imunitate
cognitivă”). Mintea socială este produsul modulelor de adicţie şi astfel are
capacitatea de a declanşa agresiune faţă de non-membrii şi in general faţă de
informaţia non-Self, similar cu ceea ce se intȃmplă in sistemul imunitar (Villareal,
2009)
Lucrurile care nu ne plac
ne inflameaza
La propriu
Social neuroscience and health: neurophysiological mechanisms linking social
ties with physical health
Abstract
Although considerable research has shown the importance of social connection for physical health, little is known about the higher-level neurocognitive
processes that link experiences of social connection or disconnection with health-relevant physiological responses. Here we review the key
physiological systems implicated in the link between social ties and health and the neural mechanisms that may translate social experiences into
downstream health-relevant physiological responses. Specifically, we suggest that threats to social connection may tap into the same neural and
physiological 'alarm system' that responds to other critical survival threats, such as the threat or experience of physical harm. Similarly, experiences of
social connection may tap into basic reward-related mechanisms that have inhibitory relationships with threat-related responding. Indeed, the
neurocognitive correlates of social disconnection and connection may be important mediators for understanding the relationships between social ties
and health.
PLoS ONE 8(8): e72523; 2013
The phenomenon in which a certain smell evokes a specific memory is known as the Proust
phenomenon. Odor-evoked autobiographic memories are more emotional than those elicited by other
sensory stimuli. The results of our previous study indicated that odor-evoked autobiographic memory
accompanied by positive emotions has remarkable effects on various psychological and physiological
activities, including the secretion of cytokines, which are immune-signaling molecules that modulate
systemic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to clarify the neural substrates associated with the
interaction between odor-evoked autobiographic memory and peripheral circulating cytokines. We
recruited healthy male and female volunteers and investigated the association between brain responses
and the concentration of several cytokines in the plasma by using positron emission tomography (PET)
recordings when an autographic memory was evoked in participants by asking them to smell an odor
that was nostalgic to them. Participants experienced positive emotions and autobiographic memories
when nostalgic odors were presented to them. The levels of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines, such
as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were significantly reduced after
experiencing odor-evoked autobiographic memory. Subtraction analysis of PET images indicated that
the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were
significantly activated during experiences of odor-evoked autobiographic memory. Furthermore, a
correlation analysis indicated that activities of the mOFC and precuneus/PCC were negatively correlated
with IFN-γ concentration. These results indicate that the neural networks including the precuneus/PCC
and mOFC might regulate the secretion of peripheral proinflammatory cytokines during the experience of
odor-evoked autobiographic memories accompanied with positive emotions.
• In general nu te simţi stăpȃn pe
situaţie, pe viaţa ta şi simţi că nu
poţi trece uşor peste provocările
vietii cotidiene
• Deşi eşti nemulţumit nu te vezi în
stare să implementezi schimbări
• Incalcarea sau pierderea statutului
personal
• Critica si feedback-ul negativ
• Incertitudinea prelungita si lipsa de
autonomie
• Presiunea deadline-urilor
• Crezi ca ai o abilitate in a gasi
sens, obiective sau o “misiune” in
viata
• Ai obiective si scopuri foarte clare
in viata
• Faci activitati in primul rand pentru
ca vrei sa le faci si nu doar pentru
ca trebuie
• In general trebuie sa fi satisfacut
de felul in care iti ies lucrurile
• Iti alegegi oamenii din jur astfel
incat sa simti ca ti se potrivesc ca
si stil de munca si viata, si ca aveti
multe in comun
Addicted to our life history
Sau
Sclavii informatiei din celule
• Dorinţa de a combate incertitudinea şi de a menţine controlul a fost dintotdeauna
considerată o forţă primară, fundamentală în viaţa omului şi una dintre cele mai
importante variabile care guvernează starea psihică de bine şi sănătatea fizică
(Whitson, J.A. & Galinsky, A.D., 2008. Lacking control increases illusory pattern
perception. Science, 322: 115-117)
• Una dintre funcţiile majore ale creierului este menţinerea homeostaziei, iar
sentimentul de certitudine contracarează anxietatea, neliniştea
• Homeostazia (din limba greacă, homois = aceeași, și stasis = stare) reprezintă
în biologie proprietatea unui organism de a menține, în limite foarte
apropiate, constantele mediului său intern
• In plus, cel mai frecvent nu invatam fiind imediat recompensati sau penalizati
• Efectul expunerii repetate (mere exposure effect) este un fenomen psihologic prin
care oamenii tind să dezvolte o preferință pentru lucruri doar pentru că devin
familiarizați cu ele. În psihologia socială, acest efect este uneori numit principiul
familiarității.
VA MULTUMESC!
dragosccirneci@gmail.com
dragosccirneci@gmail.com